Nerves Part 3

Question 1

Spinal Nerves

Answer 1

• pass through the vertebral foramen, then they branch
• part of the PNS
• 31 pairs of nerves
• named from where on the vertebral column they exit
• leave the vertebral column through the intervertebral foramina

Question 2

Cervical Spine nerves

Answer 2

8 pairs
1st pair between the base of the skull (occipital bone), the last pair after the C7 vertebrae

Question 3

Thoracic Spinal Nerves

Answer 3

12 Pairs

Question 4

Lumbar Spinal Nerves

Answer 4

5 Pairs

Question 5

Sacral Spinal Nerves

Answer 5

5 Pairs

Question 6

Coccygeal nerves

Answer 6

1 Pair

Question 7

Spinal Nerve Bundles

Answer 7

– arranged much like muscles
- neurons are grouped together in fascicles
- collection of fascicles make up a nerve

Question 8

Axons, Fascicles, and the whole nerve have

Answer 8

protective connective
tissue coverings

Question 9

Endoneurium

Answer 9

surrounds axons of individual neuros

Question 10

Perineurium

Answer 10

surrounds bundles of neurons (fascicles)

Question 11

Epineurium

Answer 11

Covering over entire nerve

Question 12

Cervical Plexus

Answer 12

innervates skin and muscles of head, neck, and upper shoulders, and diaphragm (C1-C5)

Question 13

Brachial Plexus

Answer 13

• innervates upper limbs, neck, and shoulder muscles (C5-T1)

Question 14

Lumbar Plexus

Answer 14

innervates abdominal wall, genitals, parts of lower limbs (L1-L4)

Question 15

Sacral Plexus

Answer 15

Innervates buttocks, perineum, lower limbs (L4-S4)

Question 16

Reflex

Answer 16

protective mechanisms that allow us to respond quickly

Question 17

Monosynaptic Reflex

Answer 17

• involves only one synapse connecting the sensory neuron to the motor neuron in the spinal cord
• can be used to help determine health of PNS

Question 18

5 Components of Monosynaptic Reflexes (Reflex Arc)

Answer 18

1) Sensory receptor
2) Sensory neuron
3) Integrating center
4) Motor neuron
5) Effector

Question 19

Nerve: I Olfactory

Answer 19

Function: Smell

Question 20

Nerve: II Optic

Answer 20

Function: Vision (Seeing)

Question 21

Nerve: III Oculomotor

Answer 21

Function: Eye Movement

Question 22

Nerve: IV Trochlear

Answer 22

Function: Eye Movement

Question 23

Nerve: V Trigeminal

Answer 23

Function
Sensory: Head & Face
Motor: Chewing

Question 24

VII Facial

Answer 24

Function
Sensory: Taste
Motor: Facial Muscles

Question 25

VIII Vestibulocochlear

Answer 25

Function: Hearing Balance

Question 26

IX Glossopharyngeal

Answer 26

Function: Sensory: Taste Motor: Swallowing

Question 27

X Vagus

Answer 27

Function Sensory: Visceral Afferent Motor: Swallowing

Question 28

XI Accessory

Answer 28

Function: Moving head and neck (SCM and Trapezius)

Question 29

XII Hypoglossal

Answer 29

Moving the tongue

Question 30

Efferent Nerves

Answer 30

carry signals out from the central nervous system to muscles or glands

Question 31

Efferent Divisions of the peripheral nervous system (2)

Answer 31

1. Somatic nervous 2. Autonomic nervous system

Question 32

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 32

- regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and certain glands - usually operates without conscious control from the cerebral cortex, but other brain regions, mainly the hypothalamus and brainstem, regulate it - release either Acetylcholine (ACh) or norepinephrine (NE)

Question 33

Somatic Motor Neurons

Answer 33

- Axon extended from the CNS and synapse directly with an effector (skeletal muscle) - Consist of two motor neurons that synapse in an autonomic ganglion - Release Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 34

Pre-Ganglionic Nerves

Answer 34

Release ACh

Question 35

Postganglionic neurons release

Answer 35

- sympathetic: NE - Parasympathetic: ACh

Question 36

Sympathetic fibres (Thoracolumbar)

Answer 36

Thoracic and Lumbar regions of the spinal cord - leave the central nervous system at different levels of the spinal cord

Question 37

Parasympathetic fibers (Craniosacral)

Answer 37

- Brainstem and sacral portion of the spinal cord - leave the central nervous system at different levels of the spinal cord

Question 38

ANS: Sympathetic Division

Answer 38

Fight or Flight - Short preganglionic fibres (ACh) - Long postganglionic fibres (NE & Epi)

Question 39

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 39

One set of postganglionic neurons in the sympathetic division never develops axons.

Question 40

Adrenal Gland

Answer 40

Releases a mixture into blood 80% epinephrine 20% norepinephrine

Question 41

ANS Parasympathetic Division

Answer 41

Rest & Digest - Long preganglionic fibers (Release ACh) - Short postganglionic fibers (Release ACh)

Question 42

Parasympathetic Activities (Increase)

Answer 42

S.L.U.D.D Salivation Lacrimation (tears) Urination Digestion Defecation