Endocrine System

Question 1

Describe Endocrine System

Answer 1

• Ductless
• Secrete hormones into
  bloodstream
• Slower communication
• Regulating feedback
  mechanisms

Question 2

Exocrine Glands

Answer 2

• Have ducts
• Secrete substances to
  external environment
  ex.
• Sudoriferous glands
• Ceruminous glands
• Mammary glands
• Salivary glands

Question 3

Pituitary Gland is protected by

Answer 3

sella turcica of the
sphenoid bone

Question 4

Hypothalamus and pituitary are connected by

Answer 4

infundibulum

Question 5

Posterior pituitary stores hormones made by

Answer 5

the hypothalamus (in axon terminals) (oxytocin & ADH)

Question 6

Anterior pituitary makes hormones when

Answer 6

stimulated by hypothalamus tropic hormones

Question 7

Capillaries in the median eminence form the

Answer 7

hypothalamo-pituitary portal vessels – direct blood connection between hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Question 8

The posterior pituitary does not

Answer 8

synthesize any hormones; it ONLY secretes them

Question 9

Oxytocin is involved in

Answer 9

(Happy Drug) uterine contractions, milk ejection in
nursing mothers, and emotional bonding,

Question 10

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH / Vasopressin) causes

Answer 10

causes kidneys to reabsorb water, and increases blood pressure when blood volume is low

Question 11

A diuretic

Answer 11

Increases water excretion

Question 12

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TRH) produced by

Answer 12

anterior pituitary gland in response to the secretion of thyroid
releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus

Question 13

Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) acts on……. and is regulated by

Answer 13

acts on the thyroid gland and is regulated (via negative feedback) by the concentration of thyroid hormones in the
blood

Question 14

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) released by

Answer 14

Released by anterior pituitary gland
due to secretion of Corticotrophin-
Releasing Hormone (CRH) from the
hypothalamus

Question 15

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) acts on

Answer 15

Adreanl Cortex

Question 16

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) regulates

Answer 16

production of glucocorticoids (cortisol) in response to stress

Question 17

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) causes ….. to be produced

Answer 17

causes cortisol to be produced by the zona fasciculata region of the adrenal cortex

Question 18

Follicular-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) stimulates

Answer 18

development of the sperm in the testes and oocytes in the
ovaries

Question 19

Leutinizing Hormone stimulates

Answer 19

the gonads to produce the
hormones testosterone, estrogen, and
progesterone

Question 20

Males and females secrete Follicular-Stimulating Hormone and Leuteinizing Hormone (True or False)

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Prolactin produced

Answer 21

in anterior pituatary

Question 22

Prolactin is released in

Answer 22

response to the secretion of Prolactin-releasing
hormone (PRH - produced in the hypothalamus)

Question 23

Prolactins primary role

Answer 23

response to the secretion of Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH - produced in the hypothalamus)

Question 24

Growth Hormone (5 Things)

Answer 24

1. Bone growth (length) in children and adolescents
2. Protein Synthesis
3. Metabolism
4. Stimulates the immune system
5. Involved in Cell Rejuvination

Question 25

Thyroid Hormones stimulated by

Answer 25

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (Anterior Pituitary)

Question 26

T3 (tiiodothyronine) & T4 (thyroxine) produced in

Answer 26

follicular cells

Question 27

Thyroid Hormones main function

Answer 27

- regulating hormones

Question 28

2 Micronutrients required for synthesis of Thyroid Hormone

Answer 28

1. Iodine 2. Selenium

Question 29

Parathyroid Hormone is secreted by

Answer 29

parathyroid glands (4 glands located in the neck on the thyroid gland)

Question 30

PTH helps regulate and increases

Answer 30

calcium levels

Question 31

Calcitonin secreted by

Answer 31

parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland

Question 32

Calcitonin does

Answer 32

DECREASES blood calcium concentration by inhibiting osteoclasts

Question 33

Calcitonin is stimulated by

Answer 33

high calcium blood concentration

Question 34

Adrenal Cortex Hormones

Answer 34

1. Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) 2. Cortisol (glucocorticoid) 3. DHEA (androgen)

Question 35

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoid) main function

Answer 35

regulate blood ion levels by signaling kidney to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium and H+ - Produced when blood pressure is low

Question 36

Cortisol (glucocorticoid) main function

Answer 36

increases blood glucose levels during stress

Question 37

DHEA (androgen)

Answer 37

Similar functions to testosterone

Question 38

What cells produces Insulin?

Answer 38

Beta Cells

Question 39

What cells produces glucagon?

Answer 39

Alpha cells

Question 40

3 Gonadal Hormones

Answer 40

1. Estrogen 2. Progesterone 3. Testosterone