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1st year GI > nerves supplying the GI tract > Flashcards

nerves supplying the GI tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is the main nervous system of the GI tract

A

enteric nervous system which can work independently from the brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

what are the two plexus of the ENS

A
  • submucosal

- myenteric

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3
Q

what does the myenteric plexus do

A

Increases the tone of the gut and velocity and intensity of contractions

Inhibition of the myenteric system helps to relax the sphincters - muscular rings that control the flow of digested food

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4
Q

what does the submucosal plexus do

A

Involved in local conditions and controls local secretion, absorption and muscle movements

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5
Q

what do the sensory neurones do

A

report mechanical and chemical conditions

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6
Q

what do the motor neurones do

A

control peristalsis and the churning of intestinal contents through the intestinal muscles

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7
Q

what regulates movement and secretion

A
  • long reflexes from CNS
  • short reflexes form ENS
  • enterogastric reflex
  • gastrocolic reflex
  • gastroileal reflex
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8
Q

what are the 3 main types of gastrointestinal reflex

A
  1. enterogastric reflex
  2. gastrocolic reflex
  3. gastroileal reflex
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9
Q

what is the gastrocolic reflex

A

physiological reflex that controls the motility, or peristalsis, of the gastrointestinal tract. It involves an increase in motility of the colon in response to stretch in the stomach and the byproducts of digestion in the small intestine. Thus, this reflex is responsible for the urge to defecate following a meal. The small intestine also shows a similar motility response. The gastrocolic reflex also helps make room for food in the stomach.

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10
Q

what is the gastroileal reflex

A

It works with the gastrocolic reflex to stimulate the urge to defecate. This urge is stimulated by the opening of the ileocecal valve and the movement of the digested contents from the ileum of the small intestine into the colon for compaction.

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11
Q

what is the enetrogastric reflex

A

stimulated by the presence of acid levels in the duodenum at a pH of 3–4 or in the stomach at a pH of 1.5. When this reflex is stimulated, the release of gastrin from G- cells in the antrum of the stomach is shut off. In turn, this inhibits gastric motility and the secretion of gastric acid (HCl). Enterogastric reflex activation causes decreased motility.

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12
Q

where does the oesophagus start and end in regards to spine level

A

begins at neck at C6 and continues to the cardiac orifice if the stomach T11

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13
Q

in respect to arterial and venous systems what can the oesophagus be divided into

A

thoracic and abdominal components

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14
Q

where does the thoracic part of oesophagus receive arterial supply and drain through the veins

A
  • branches of the thoracic aorta and the inferior thyroid artery
  • via branches of the azygous veins and the inferior thyroid vein.
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15
Q

what supplies and drains the abdominal oesophagus

A
  • supplied by the left gastric artery (a branch of the coeliac trunk) and left inferior phrenic artery
  • mixed drainage to the portal circulation via left gastric vein and to the systemic circulation via the azygous vein
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16
Q

what innervates the oesophagus

A

oesophageal plexus which is formed by a combination of the parasympathetic vagal trunk and the sympathetic fibres from the cervical and thoracic sympathetic trunks

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17
Q

where does the stomach start

A

the cardia surrounds the superior opening of the stomach at the T11 level

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18
Q

what supplies the greater curvature

A

short gastric arteries and the right and left gastro-mental arteries

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19
Q

what supplies the lesser curvature

A

left gastric artery and right gastric branch of the hepatic artery

20
Q

what level does the oesophagus pass through the diaphragm

A

T10

21
Q

what is the transition from oesophagus to stomach

A

T11

22
Q

where does the arterial supply fir the stomach come from

A

celiac trunk and its branches

23
Q

what arteries supply the lesser curvature of the stomach

A

right and left gastric arteries

24
Q

what arteries supply the greater curvature of the stomach

A

right and left gastro-mental arteries

25
Q

what innervates the stomach

A

Parasympathetic nerve - arises from the anterior and posterior vagal trunks, derived from the vagus nerve

Sympathetic nerve - arises from the T6-T9 spinal cord segments and passes to the coeliac plexus via the greater splanchnic nerve

26
Q

what supplies the proximal part of the duodenum

A

gastroduodenal artery - branch of the common hepatic artery from the coeliac trunk

27
Q

what supplies the distil part of the duodenum

A

supplied by the inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery ( branch of the superior mesenteric)

28
Q

what supplies the jeudenum and ilium

A

from the superior mesenteric artery which arises from the aorta at level L1 vertebrae immediately inferior to the coeliac trunk

29
Q

what drains the jejunum and ileum

A

superior mesenteric veins. It unites with the splenic vein at the neck of the pancreas to form the hepatic portal vein

30
Q

what arteries supply midgut organs

A

superior mesenteric artery

31
Q

what arteries supply the hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

32
Q

what supplies all the organs at the top of the abdomen

A

coeliac trunk

33
Q

what 3 arteries branch of the coeliac trunk and where do they go

A
  • splenic artery - over pancreas
  • stomach - left gastric artery
  • liver - common hepatic artery
34
Q

what arteries supply the stomach off the splenic artery

A
  • left gastroepoploic

- short gastric arteries

35
Q

what branches come off the left gastric artery to the stomach

A
  • oesophageal branches move over aorta and into stomach
36
Q

what are branches of the common hepatic that go to the liver

A
  • proper hepatic
  • gastroduodenal
  • right gastric
37
Q

what artery comes out of T12

A

coeliac trunk

38
Q

wha artery comes out of L1

A

the superior mesenteric

39
Q

what supplies the second section of the small intestine

A

jejunal arteries, ileal arteries, inferior pancreaticoduodenal

40
Q

what supplies the first 2 parts of the large intestine

A
  • middle coeliac and right colic
41
Q

what supplies the right lower part of the abdomen

A

ileocolic artery

42
Q

what branches from L2

A
  • renal arteries

- gonadal arteries - supply besties and ovaries

43
Q

what branches from L3

A

inferior mesenteric

44
Q

what does the inferior mesenteric supply

A

everything that the superior mesenteric didn’t

45
Q

what supplies the descending colon

A

left colic

46
Q

what supplies the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoidal branches

47
Q

what supplies the rectum

A

superior renal artery

1st year GI (16 decks)

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