Nervous System

Question 1

Function of Nervous System

Answer 1

The function of the nervous system is to detect impulses from the senses; control center of the body

Question 2

Major organs

Answer 2

Brain
Spinal Cord
Senses
Nerves

Question 3

Difference between Neurons and Neuroglia

Answer 3

Neurons (make up 10% of the nervous system)

Neuroglia (“nerve-glue”, make up 90% of the nervous system)

Question 4

Dendrite

Answer 4

receive the nerve impulses from the senses or another neuron

Question 5

Soma

Answer 5

body of the neuron that holds the nucleus

Question 6

Schwann Cells

Answer 6

type of glial cell that surrounds neurons

Question 7

Node of Ranvier

Answer 7

impulses jump from node to node, which increase speed of impulse

Question 8

Myelin

Answer 8

insulates the axon. Produced by the Schwann cells

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

passageway for nerve impulses after cell body; end in axon terminal

Question 10

Axon Terminal

Answer 10

the button-like endings of axons through which axons make contact with other nerve cells.

Question 11

CSF

Answer 11

The cerebrospinal fluid protects the brain by preventing the it from contacting the skull.

Question 12

Cerebrum

Answer 12

Divided into 2 hemispheres
Controls conscious activities
The cerebrum is divided into 4 lobes, based on their functions. They are named for the parts of the skull protecting them.

Question 13

Thalamus

Answer 13

Relays sensory impulses to the cerebral cortex for processing and sorting

Question 14

Hypothalamus

Answer 14

Controls hormones released by pituitary gland (often called the “master endocrine gland”)
Responsible for autonomic processes (body temperature, hunger, sleep, thirst, blood volume, etc)

Question 15

Brainstem

Answer 15

Located between the cerebrum and spinal cord.

Question 16

Cerebellum

Answer 16

Responsible for coordinating the movements directed by the cerebrum so that they are graceful and efficient

Question 17

Spinal cord

Answer 17

Relays impulses from the PNS to the brain

Question 18

Frontal Lobe

Answer 18

Reasoning & decision-making

Verbal communication

Question 19

Parietal Lobe

Answer 19

Sensations
Visual-spatial processing
Body position

Question 20

Occipital Lobe

Answer 20

Visual processing- vision & memory of objects

Question 21

Temporal Lobe

Answer 21

Comprehension & pronunciation of words

association of memories

Question 22

Brainstem (Midbrain)

Answer 22

Controls body movements and postures

Question 23

Brainstem (Pons)

Answer 23

Carries info from one side of brain to the other (why its called the bridge)

Question 24

Brainstem (Medulla Oblongata)

Answer 24

Controls blood pressure, heart rate, swallowing, and coughing

Question 25

Merkel's disk

Answer 25

touch

Question 26

Hair follicle receptor

Answer 26

touch

Question 27

Free nerve ending

Answer 27

pain and temperature

Question 28

Ruffini's corpuscle

Answer 28

touch and pressure

Question 29

Pacinian corpuscle

Answer 29

Pressure

Question 30

Malleus

Answer 30

the hammer

Question 31

incus

Answer 31

the anvil

Question 32

stapes

Answer 32

the stirrup

Question 33

Cochlea

Answer 33

a bony snail-shaped structure containing membranes filled with fluid.

Question 34

Cornea

Answer 34

s made of thick, transparent tissue | Function: allows light into the eye

Question 35

Pupil

Answer 35

is the opening in the center of the iris | Function: muscles regulate the amount of light entering the eye

Question 36

Iris

Answer 36

The iris is located behind the cornea. It is the colored part of the eye. Function: works with pupil to regulate light entering the eye

Question 37

Retina

Answer 37

located in the back of the eye, contains thousands of photoreceptors.

Question 38

Lens

Answer 38

is a semi-solid disc that directs light waves towards the retina.

Question 39

Farsighted

Answer 39

eyeball is too short | is the ability to only clearly see objects that are far away

Question 40

Nearsighted

Answer 40

nearsightedness means the ability to see things nearby with relative clarity,