Nervous System

Question 1

Where does the sensory neuron enter the spinal chord through

Answer 1

Dorsal root

Question 2

Where does the sensory neuron exit the spinal chord

Answer 2

Ventral root

Question 3

Name the phases of the action potential

Answer 3

Resting state, depolarisation, rising phase, falling phase, undershoot

Question 4

Functions of the frontal lobe

Answer 4

Thinking, problem solving, emotions, personality, language, control if movement

Question 5

Functions of the parietal lobe

Answer 5

Precossing temperature, touch, taste, pain, movement

Question 6

Functions of the occipital lobe

Answer 6

Vision

Question 7

Functions of the temporal lobe

Answer 7

Processing memories, emotions, linking with senses, receive auditory info

Question 8

Functions of Cerebellum

Answer 8

Controls posture, balance and voluntary muscle movement

Question 9

Main words for a reflex arc question

Answer 9

Stimulus, receptor, sensory, interneuron, response, effector, motor

Question 10

Describe resting state (action potential)

Answer 10

-sodium and potassium voltage gated channels are closed
- resting potential (-70mV) maintained

Question 11

Describe the depolarisation stage or an action potential

Answer 11

• stimulus is detected
• some sodium gates open ~ sodium influx ~ increase membrane charge
• if charge reaches -55mV (threshold) action potential is triggered

Question 12

What occurs during the rising phase (action potential)

Answer 12

-more sodium gates open
-potassium gates stay closed
-large sodium influx makes inside the cell more positive in relation to the outside

Question 13

What occurs during the falling phase of an action potential

Answer 13

-sodium gates close
-potassium gates open and potassium exits the cell
- membrane potential decreases

Question 14

Undershoot

Answer 14

-all gates close (some potassium gates leak in potassium)
- Sodium Potassium pump resets cell to resting state (resting potential)
- 3 Na+ out : 2K+ in

Question 15

4 things about saltatory conduction

Answer 15

-Myelinated axon
- non continuous transmission
-faster
-travels from node to node

Question 16

What 3 things protect the CNS

Answer 16

-meninges
-cerebrospinal fluid
-Bone

Question 17

Whats the Blood Brain Barrier

Answer 17

A semi permiable membrane that inhibits foreign substances in the blood from entering the brain and maintains a constant environment for the brain

Question 18

3 mininges layers

Answer 18

Dura matter (outer)
Arachnoid (middle)
Pia Matter (inner)

Question 19

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 19

-shock absorber
- between arachnoid + Pia Matter
- supplies nutrients & disposes of waste

Question 20

Differences between somatic and autonomic NS

Answer 20

Nerves: s- one motor neuron. a- preganglionic and postganglionic nerves

Effector organs: s- skeletal muscle. A- smooth/cardiac muscle, glands

Neurotransmitters: s- acetylcholine. A- acetylcholine, adrenaline, noradrenaline

Question 21

Sympathetic division

Answer 21

Fight or flight
(E)- exercise, excitement, emergency, embarrassment

Question 22

Parasympathetic division

Answer 22

Rest and digest
(D) - digestion, defacation, diuresis

Question 23

What affects the speed of nerve transmission

Answer 23

Temp, axon diameter, myelin

Question 24

Graded potential

Answer 24

Stimulus that doesnt reach the threshold

Question 25

Refractory period

Answer 25

The time between impulses where another actuon potential cant be generated

Question 26

Sympathetic response

Answer 26

Dialated pupils, stop producing saliva, increased hr, increased respiratory rate and breath depth, inhibit digestion temporarily, sometimes vomit, glucose release, adrenalin release, emptying of bladder

Question 27

Parasympathetic response

Answer 27

Constricted pupils, saliva production, maintains hr, maintain respiratory rate, digestion, contracts bladder, glucose storage