Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System:

Answer 1

brain & spinal cord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System:

Answer 2

nerves, bundles of nerve fibers (axons) branching from the brain and spinal cord and connecting the central nervous system to the extremities of the body

Question 3

Neurons:

Answer 3

cell body, dendrites, axon

Question 4

3 broad groups of neurons:

Answer 4

1) Sensory (transmits sensory information to central nervous system)
2) Interneuron (relays signals between neurons
3) Motor neuron (relays signals to muscles, glands, etc)

Question 5

Autonomic Nervous System:

Answer 5

Sympathetic Division & Parasympathetic Division

Question 6

Sympathetic division:

Answer 6

generally responds to your body’s needs during increased activities/emergency situations by causing heartbeat and breathing rates to increase, thus supplying more blood to your body so that you can respond quickly.

Question 7

Parasympathetic Division:

Answer 7

acts as a balance to counteract the sympathetic division when the emergency is over, transmitting impulses to your heart that block the action of sympathetic fibers and cause the heart to slow down

Question 8

Know and Identify the Reflex Arc:

Answer 8

1) Pain receptors (in skin) detect tissue damage
2) Sensory neurons carry pain signal to spinal cord
3) Interneurons in spinal cord process threat and generate response
4) Motor neurons transmit signal to arm muscles
5) Muscles jerk hand away from danger

Question 9

Brain’s 3 main parts:

Answer 9

Cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

Question 10

Cerebrum:

Answer 10

upper part of the brain, coordinates thought, memory, and learned behaviors

Question 11

cerebellum

Answer 11

lower part of the brain, helps control balance and coordinate voluntary muscle activity

Question 12

brain stem

Answer 12

part that connects to the spinal cord, controls the involuntary muscles and activities of the autonomic nervous system, consists of (lowest to highest) medulla oblongata, pons, & midbrain (incl. reticular formation)

Question 13

Know how to care for the nervous system: Internal factors:

Answer 13

smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages harm the nervous system; good nutrition is important (some substances such as calcium are vital to the proper function and maintenance of the nervous system); reduction of fatty foods is good as well

Question 14

Know how to care for the nervous system: External Factors:

Answer 14

repeated/prolonged exposure to excessively loud sounds can result in partial/complete hearing loss (sensorineural deafness); rest or sleep is critical.

Question 15

The most important for vision:

Answer 15

Outer part of the eye: sclera and cornea; uvea (middle layer) - iris, ciliary body, & choroid; retina