NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet

Answer 1

Dendrite

Question 2

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

Venus has a beautiful name but is hot

Answer 3

Cell Body

Question 4

Earth is the third planet from the sun

Answer 4

Axon

Question 5

Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun

Answer 5

Axon terminal

Question 6

Despite being red, Mard is a cold place

Answer 6

Node of Ranvier

Question 7

Pluto is considered a dwarf planet

Answer 7

Schwann cell

Question 8

Ceres is located in the main asteroid belt

Answer 8

Myelin sheath

Question 9

Conduct impulses towards CNS

Answer 9

Afferent/Sensory neurons

Question 10

Conduct impulses away from the central nervous system (CNS) to the effector

Answer 10

Efferent/Motor neurons

Question 11

Located between sensory and motor neurons

Answer 11

Internuncial/Interneurons/central/intercalated neurons

Question 12

4 microns in diameter

Answer 12

Dwarf neurons

Question 13

Betz cells in motor cortex (cell body is 1mm, long axon CST). Paired Mauthner neurons in the medulla oblangata (escape reflex)

Answer 13

Giant neurons

Question 14

Also called Pachymeninx. It is Avascular, epidural space (contains a plexus of thin-walled veins and areolar connective tissue), dense, fibroelastic connective tissue which is continuous with the periosteum of the skull, and Reflection/folds give rise to venous sinuses (transverse/ sagittal/ cavernous)

Answer 14

Meninges Dura Mater

Question 15

Made up of loose CT, lined by squamous epithelium and responsible for reabsorbing CSF back to venous blood sinus circulation.

Answer 15

Arachnoid

Question 16

Highly vascular innermost layer and made up of mesenchymal cell

Answer 16

Pia Mater

Question 17

Pia mater + glial layer

Answer 17

Physical barrier (separates the CNS tissue from CSF)

Question 18

Arachnoid + Pia mater

Answer 18

Leptomeninx

Question 19

Largest part of the brain and is composed of right and left hemispheres

Answer 19

Cerebrum

Question 20

Abundant neuronal cell bodies, dendrites, initial unmyelinated portions of axons, astrocytes, and neuroglial cells. Occupies the thick surface of cortex of both cerebrum and cerebellum

Answer 20

Gray mater

Question 21

Efferent puramidal neurons-most conspicuous and it is tge integration of sensory information and initiation of voluntary motor responses

Answer 21

Cerebral cortex

Question 22

Also called plexiform layer. Overlying it is a delicate connective tissue in the brain called pia matter

Answer 22

Molecular layer

Question 23

Contains numerous neuroglial cells and largest pyramidal cells (especially in the motor area-Betz cells are found)

Answer 23

Internal pyramidal layer

Question 24

Consists of intermixed cells of raging shapes (spindle-shaped) and sizes (fusiform, granules, stellate, cells of martinotti)

Answer 24

Multiform layer

Question 25

Small astrocytes and blood vessels (venule and capillary)

Answer 25

Neuroglial cells (cortex)

Question 26

Located at the Dorsum of the brainstem at the pons and is connected via cerebellar peduncles. It consists of convoluted folds called the cerebellar folium and this is separated by Sulci. It covered pia mater and maintains posture and equilibrium. Coordinates muscular activity.

Answer 26

Cerebellum

Question 27

Pyriform or pyramidal in shape with ramified dendrites that extend into the molecular layer. It is the center or middle

Answer 27

Purkinje cells

Question 28

Inner granular; with numerous small neurons that exhibit intensely stained nuclei

Answer 28

Granular Layer

Question 29

Nerve fibers that are formed in granular layer

Answer 29

Mossy fibers

Question 30

Nerve fibers make synapses in all the layers

Answer 30

Climbing fibers

Question 31

It is the oldest part of cerebellum and first to appear in aquatic vertebrates. It comprises of flocculonudular lobe and lingula and has mainly vestibular connections.

Answer 31

Archicerebellum (vestibular cerebellum)

Question 32

It appears next in terrestrial vertebrates with the appearance of limbs. It includes arterior lobe except lingula and pyramid and uvula.

Answer 32

Paleocerebellum (spinal cerebellum)

Question 33

It is the most recent part of cerebellum to develop.

Answer 33

Neocerebellum (cerebral cerebellum)

Question 34

What are the 3 central trunk of the mammalian brain

Answer 34

-Mid brain -Pons -Medulla oblangata

Question 35

It connects pons and cerebellum to diencephalon. Shortest and uppermost part of brainstem

Answer 35

Midbrain

Question 36

Middle part of brainstem (between medulla and midbrain)

Answer 36

Pons

Question 37

Expanded part of pons ventrally connecting cerebrum and cerebellum via middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 37

Basis Pontis

Question 38

3 Parts of basis pontis

Answer 38

1. Pontine nuclei (motor) 2. Transverse pontine fibers 3. Descending longitudinal fibers (pyramid) and facial nuclei

Question 39

Upwards continuation of medulla posterior of pons and along the mid line lies the Raphae nuclei

Answer 39

Pontine tegmentum

Question 40

Lower most part of brainstem and it is between pons and spinal cord at foramen magnum. Connected to cerebellum by inferior cerebellar peduncle

Answer 40

Medulla oblangata

Question 41

Grey mater makes up the nuclei, mostly nuclei of origin and nuclei of termination of the cranial nerves

Answer 41

No cortex but with grey mater

Question 42

Found in midbrain, involved in motor coordination, and pale pink/red due to iron which may be present in two forms, hemoglobin and ferritin

Answer 42

Red nucleus

Question 43

Basal ganglia structure

Answer 43

Substantia nigra

Question 44

Neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons

Answer 44

Black substance

Question 45

Arranged roughly in letter "H". Consist of long slender posterior horns and short thick ventral horns joined by horizontal gray commissure

Answer 45

Inner (central) gray mater

Question 46

There is no nerve cell bodies, arranged in ascending and descending nerve fiber tracts, supporting cells and their processes

Answer 46

Outer (peripheral) White mater

Question 47

Collection of neuronal processes surrounded connective tissues. Consist of an axon and sheaths ectodermal origin whether in the CNS or PNS.

Answer 47

Nerve fibers

Question 48

Thin fibrous sheath surrounding the sheath of Henle.

Answer 48

Endoneurium

Question 49

A collection of nerve fibers from nerve fascicles which is covered by?

Answer 49

Perineurium

Question 50

Large fibers that conduct at 15 to 100 meters/seconds (motor and sensory fibers)

Answer 50

Group A fibers

Question 51

Conduct impulses at 3 to 14 m/sec (mainly visceral sensory fibers)

Answer 51

Group B fibers

Question 52

Small, unmyelinated fibers conducting at 0.5 to 2m/sec (autonomic and some sensory fibers)

Answer 52

Group C fibers

Question 53

In the brain and spinal cords spinothalamic tract and spinocerebellar tract

Answer 53

Afferent (incoming) pathway

Question 54

In the brain and spinal cords cortico-bulbar and cortico-spinal tract

Answer 54

Efferent (outgoing) pathway

Question 55

Stimulation leads to the liberation of the substance NE

Answer 55

Sympathetic or adregenergic nerves

Question 56

Stimulation leads to liberation of a substance Ach

Answer 56

Parasympathetic or Cholinergic nerves

Question 57

for touch found in fingertips, lips, palms, soles, nipple and conjunctiva

Answer 57

Meissner's corpuscle

Question 58

for heat sensation found in subcutaneous tissue finger tips and joint capsule

Answer 58

Ruffini's end organ

Question 59

Sensory organs found in the conjunctiva and external genitalia

Answer 59

End bulb of Krause

Question 60

Mediate deep pressure and found hand, foot, palms, soles, peritoneum, pieura, mesenteries, penis, clitoris, urethra, nipple, breast and pancreas

Answer 60

Pacinian Corpuscle

Question 61

For deep pressure

Answer 61

Golgi Mazzoni

Question 62

Made up several fasciculi as bundles of nerve fibers covered by dense CT (epineurium) then gives off septa. Perineurium surrounds the bigger bundles of nerve fibers, then sends finer septa.

Answer 62

Nerve Trunk