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Unit 4 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the nervous system (3)

A

Monitor internal and external environments
Process information
Direct behaviour and body procesesses

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2
Q

what are the three main neurones in the nervous system

A

sensory neuron
interneuron
Motor neuron

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3
Q

Is there a wide variety of neuronal subtypes. true or false

A

true

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4
Q

What are the two major functional divisons of the nervous system

A

somatic
Autonomic

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5
Q

Is somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary

A

voluntary

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6
Q

Is autonomic nervous system voluntary or involuntary

A

Involuntary

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7
Q

What is located on a neurone (5)

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon Hillock
Axon
Terminal branches

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8
Q

What are the functions of neuro glial cells (8)

A

support neuronal function s
main the local extracellular environment
local concentration of neurotransmitters
supply nutrients
Support guide neuronal development
stabilise neuronal network
improve communication speeds
Provide immunological defence

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9
Q

What is the central nervous system anatomical divisions

A

Brain
spinal cord

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10
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system anatomical divisions

A

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves

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11
Q

What are ganglia part of
and what is it defined as

A

part of the peripheral nervous system
collection of neuronal cell Bodies

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12
Q

What is the output of the brain

A

motor pathways

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13
Q

What does the somatic motor pathways control

A

skeletal muscle

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14
Q

What does the autonomic motor pathways control (4)

A

Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscle
glands
adipose

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15
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system

A

the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

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16
Q

What is the central nervous system

A

Is the body processing centre

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17
Q

What are the two functional divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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18
Q

what is included in the sensory nervous system

A

Somatic sensory
Autonomic sensory

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19
Q

What is included in the motor nervous system

A

Somatic motor
Autonomic motor

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20
Q

What is parasympathetic

A

network of nerves that relaxes your body after periods of stress and danger

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21
Q

What is sympathetic

A

network of nerves that help your body activate it fight or flight response

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22
Q

How many layers are there that protects the brain

A

three

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23
Q

How is the cerebrospinal fluid produced

A

Choroid plexuses
tissues of brain

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24
Q

What does the cerebrospinal fluid do (4)

A

protect medium for brain
protective cushioning
Removal of metabolites
Provide stable ionic environment

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25
Q

What are the folds of the brain called

A

gyri

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26
Q

What are the creases in-between the brain called

A

sulci

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27
Q

What are deep sulci called

A

fissures

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28
Q

What are the five parts of the brain called

A

Frontal (front)
Parietal (top)
temporal (Sides)
occipital (back)
cerebellum brain stem

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29
Q

What are the names of the main gyri and sulci (4)

A

Pre central gyrus
Central sulcus
post central gyrus
Lacteal sulus

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30
Q

What is the grey matter of the brain

A

Cell bodies of neurones and glial cells

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31
Q

What is the white matter of the brain

A

Axons

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32
Q

What has fibre tract ?
White matter or grey matter

A

White matter

33
Q

What does the white matter do

A

Connects different areas of the brain

34
Q

What does the frontal lobe do for the body (6)

A

Planning
Emotions
Moods
Behaviour
motor functions
Smell

35
Q

What does the parietal lobe do for the body (4)

A

Touch
pain
Temperature
Sensation

36
Q

What does the occipital lobe do for the body

A

Vision

37
Q

What does the cerebellum do for the body

A

Balance and coordination

38
Q

What does the temporal lobe do

A

Hearing
Language
Memory

39
Q

What does the insula do (8)

A

pain processing
Conscious awareness
Tasting
Consciousness
Emotions
audio and visual
Homeostatic error detection
Interoception - atomic sensory motoring, regulation

40
Q

Where is the Insula located

A

major fold behind the frontal, parietal and temporal lobe

41
Q

What cortex is this of the brain
motor control of skeletal muscle
Motor planning

A

Motor cortex somatic

42
Q

What cortex is this of the brain
-Input from skin
-input from proprioceptor
-spatial discrimination

A

Sensory cortex

43
Q

What cortex of the brain is this
- Mapping visual input
-visual recognition

A

Visual cortex

44
Q

What cortex of the brain is this
- pitches, loudness, location
-auditory memory, sound recognition

A

auditory cortex

45
Q

What is the Broca area of the brain do

A

The planning of speech

46
Q

What is the wenicke area of the brain do

A

Understanding the recognition of words and meaning

47
Q

What would the brain do when reading as a flow chart of the main components

A

visual cortex
wernicke
broca

48
Q

What is Somatotopy

A

the mapping of the brains surface sensation onto a structrure in the brain

49
Q

What does homunculus mean

A

represent the motor and sensory distribution along cerebral cortex of the brain

50
Q

What is the most sensory of the brain using the homunculi (3)

A

Feet
Hands
Face

51
Q

What is the most motor of the brain using the homunculi (3)

A

Feet
Hands
FAce

52
Q

What does the brainstem consist of

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

53
Q

What is the brain stem

A

connects cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum

54
Q

What is the function of the brain stem (2)

A

sends signals from brain to the rest of the body.
control subconscious body functions breathing and heart rate

55
Q

What is reticular formation

A

group of nuclei in a nucleus a concentration of cell bodies

56
Q

Function of reticular formation

A

control the depth of breathing

57
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum (4)

A

control balance
Influence posture
coordination of movement
Motor learning

58
Q

What are the two pairs of arteries that supply the brain

A

internal carotid
vertebral

59
Q

What do the two vertebral arteries join to form

A

basilar artery

60
Q

Where does the arteries feed into

A

circle of Willis location on the base of the brain

61
Q

What does the circle of willis provide

A

anastomosis

62
Q

What is the nervous system

A

organisation of nerve tissue in the body

63
Q

Give an anatomical term to describe parasympathetic nervous system

A

cranio sacral

64
Q

What is the effect of the heart when parasympathetic nervous system occur

A

Release hormone acetylcholine to slow heart rate down

65
Q

What is the effect of the lungs when parasympathetic nervous system occur

A

Contract smooth muscles of bronchioles to slow rate of breathing and depth

66
Q

Define parasympathetic nervous system

A

Relax body after stress or danger

67
Q

Define sympathetic nervous system

A

Activate fight or flight response

68
Q

What is the effect of the heart when sympathetic nervous system

A

Heart rate increase

69
Q

What is the effect of the lungs when sympathetic nervous system occur

A

Increase resistance of flow to the lungs by constricting pulmonary vein

70
Q

What is the effect of the saliva glands when parasympathetic nervous system occur

A

stimulate the glands to produce more saliva

71
Q

What is the effect of the saliva glands when parasympathetic nervous system occur

A

decrease the amount of saliva and increase protein secretion

72
Q

what is the relationship between the sympathetic nervous system and adrenal glands

A

hypothalamus activates the sympathetic and sends autonomic nerves to adrenal glands which respond by pumping hormones into blood stream to control heart rate, blood pressure and body functions.

73
Q

Location of the sensory homunculi

A

Post central gyrus

74
Q

Location of the motor homunculi

A

Pre central gyrus

75
Q

The vagus nerve carries major elements of which part of the nervous system
a- somatic nervous system
b- Parasympathetic nervous stystem
c-Central nervous system
d-sympathetic nervous system

A

b

76
Q

Which option in the list below describes organs that are controlled by enteric nervous system?
a- small intestines
b- The heart and lungs
c- The eyes and ears
d-Somatic muscles

A

a

77
Q

Which statement best describes the role of Broca’s area
a- it is linked to sensory discrimination
b- it is linked to motor control of limbs
c- it is liked to speech production
d- it is liked to comprehension of words

A

c

78
Q

What glands does ACTH primarily activate in order to stimulate hormone production
a- gametes
b- thyroid glands
c- adrenal medulla
d- Adrenal cortex

A

d

79
Q

Which of the following statement best describes the structure of ganglia
a- ganglia made up of a collection of nerve fibres
b- ganglia are made up of collection of cell bodies
c- ganglia do not contain neurones
d- ganglia are locate in the central nervous system

A

b

Unit 4 (4 decks)

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