Nervous System

Question 1

what does the nervous system do?

Answer 1

-coordinates the processes and actions of the human body

Question 2

what are nerve cells aka?
-what do they do?

Answer 2

-aka neurons
-they communicate through electrical impulses and allow the body to process and respond to stimuli

Question 3

what is within the neuron?

Answer 3

-a nucleus which transmits electrical impulses through their axons and dendrites

Question 4

what is the axon?
-what is it often covered in?

Answer 4

-axon is the stemlike structure which carries information to other neurons throughout the body
-myelin which is a fatty insulating substance
-long-extension

Question 5

what is Schwann cells?

Answer 5

they are cells which produce myelin and is important for nerve regeneration

Question 6

what do dendrites do?
-what do they look like?

Answer 6

-receive information from other neurons
-they are short, branch-like extensions that generate electrical impulses

Question 7

what. are the two systems of the nervous system?

Answer 7

-central nervous system which makes up the brain and spinal cord
-peripheral nervous system which is the collection of nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body

Question 8

the brain is the?

Answer 8

control center of the body and is responsible for nearly all the body’s processes and actions

Question 9

what does the spinal cord relay?

Answer 9

-information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system and coordinates many reflexes

Question 10

what is the spinal cord protected by?

Answer 10

the vertebral column, a structure of bones that enclose the delicate nervous tissue

Question 11

vertebre column divisions:

Answer 11

-Cervical vertebrae has 7
-thoracic has 12
-lumbar has 5
-sacrum has 5
-coccyx has 5
-sacrum and coccyx are fused together and cannot move

Question 12

the functions of the nervous system are broken down into?

Answer 12

-the autonomic nervous system )which has two more subdivisions)
-somatic nervous system

Question 13

what is the autonomic system responsible for?

Answer 13

-controls involuntary actions that occur in body like respiration, digestion and circulatory and more

Question 14

somatic nervous system is responsible for?

Answer 14

-the body’s ability to control skeletal muscles and voluntary movements, some movements aren’t voluntary like reflexes

Question 15

what is the autonomic nervous system broken down into?

Answer 15

-parasympathetic NS
-sympathetic NS

Question 16

what does the parasympathetic NS do?

Answer 16

-stimulated by body’s need for rest and recovery by:
-decreasing heart rate
-decreasing blood pressure and muscular activation for sleep or digesting food

Question 17

what does the sympathetic NS do?

Answer 17

-responsible for body’s reaction to stress and induces a “fight-or-flight” response to stimuli like getting scared
-increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 18

what is a stroke do and aka?

Answer 18

-aka cardiovascular accident and occurs when blood flow to brain tissue is disrupted

Question 19

blockage in the vasculature of the brain is aka?

Answer 19

-embolus, the condition is called ischemic stroke

Question 20

hemorrhagic stroke is

Answer 20

bleeding in the brain, often caused by ruptured anerysm

Question 21

what are diseases of the nervous system?

Answer 21

-Parkinson’s disease
-ALS
-multiple sclerosis MS
-Alzheimer’s disease

Question 22

meningitis is?

Answer 22

-inflammation of the meninges

Question 23

what is meninges?

Answer 23

protective membrane that surrounds the brain and spinal cord

Question 24

enCEPHAlitis is?

Answer 24

-inflammation of the brain

Question 25

epileptic seizures are?

Answer 25

brief episodes caused by disturbed or overactive nerve cell activity in the brain

Question 26

the cell body within the nervous system contains?

Answer 26

-nucleus and organelles

Question 27

myelin or myelin sheath does what? where is located?

Answer 27

-produced by Schwann cells, they are fatty substance that covers the axon and help increase the speed of nerve impulses

Question 28

what is axon terminal?

Answer 28

-release neuron transmitters

Question 29

synapse is? -most often between? -consists of?

Answer 29

-points of contact between neurons where information is passed from one neuron to the next -most often form between axons and dendrites -consist of a presynaptic neuron, synaptic cleft, and a postsynaptic neuron

Question 30

what does the postsynaptic neuron do? -presynaptic? -synaptic cleft?

Answer 30

-receive information /receives chemical messengers -the sending of action potential into the neuron/neurotransmitters are released -synaptic cleft separates pre and postsynaptic

Question 31

what do sensory neurons do? afferent or efferent?

Answer 31

-send messages to CNS, carry information from sensory receptors of the skin and other organs to the central nervous system -afferent

Question 32

what do motor neurons do? afferent or efferent?

Answer 32

-send messages to muscles, carry motor information away from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands of the body- efferent (EXIting the cns to the muscles)

Question 33

what is ganglia or ganglion?

Answer 33

a structure containing a number of nerve cell bodies, typically linked by synapses, and often forming a swelling on a nerve fiber, found in the PNS

Question 34

sequence of NS

Answer 34

-electrical impulse to the dendrites of neurons, then along the axon and causes chemical neurotransmitters to be secreted from axon terminals in the synapse.