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Anatomy exam 3 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

what does the nervous system consist of

A

Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System

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2
Q

Central Nervous System

A

consists of brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

Peripheral Nervous System

A

consists of Cranial Nerves and Spinal nerves and Ganglia

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4
Q

detects stimuli and transmits information from receptors to the CNS
is Afferent

A

Sensory nervous system

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5
Q

initiates and transmits information from the CNS to effectors
Is efferent

A

Motor nervous system

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6
Q

Somatic Sensory

A

sensory input that is consciously perceived from receptors (eg. eyes, ears and skin)
Sensory nervous System

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7
Q

Visceral Sensory

A

Sensory input that is not consciously perceived from receptors of blood vessels and internal organs (eg. Heart)
Sensory Nervous System

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8
Q

Somatic Motor

A

Motor Output that is consciously or voluntarily controlled: effector is skeletal muscle
Motor Nervous System

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9
Q

Autonomic Sensor

A

Motor output that is not consciously or is involuntarily controlled: effectors are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands

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10
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

typically speeds up body activities
“fight of flight”

Autonomic motor

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11
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

typically slows down body activities (except for digestion)
“rest and digest”

Autonomic Motor

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12
Q

what 2 cell types make up the nervous tissue

A

Neurons (excitable)
Glial Cells (supportive)

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13
Q

Conduct impulses from one part of the body to another. Have a high metabolic rate. They have extreme longevity and most cease mitosis after fetal development. Excitable to stimulus

A

Neurons

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14
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

the ability of your nervous system to remodel itself in response to internal and external factors

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15
Q

Neurogenesis

A

the development of new neurons, thought to only occur only in specific areas of the CNS and PNS

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16
Q

conduct impulses towards the cell body

A

Dendrites

17
Q

conduct impulses away from the cell body

A

Axons

18
Q

Glial Cells in the CNS

A
  1. Astrocytes (blood brain barrier)
  2. Epindymal Cells (CSF)
  3. Microglial Cells (phagocytic)
  4. Oligodendrocytes (create myelin sheath)
19
Q

Glial Cells in the PNS

A
  1. Satellite Cells (regulate in and out)
  2. Schwann Cells/neurolemmocytes (myelin sheath)
20
Q

these envelop the brain capillaries and reduce capillary permeability. This helps create the blood brain barrier. They are also involved in repair and scarring process of brain and spinal cord when injuries occur

A

Astrocytes

21
Q

Blood Brain Barrier

A

a controlled molecule flow to the brain is essential for stable brain function. The blood brain barrier does this

22
Q

Ependymal Cells

A

line the internal cavities of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord. These cells and nearby capillaries from a network called the choroid plexus which produces cerebrospinal fluid

23
Q

Choroid Plexi

A

formed by the ependymal cells that line the ventricles and by nearby blood vessels. CSF is essentially a filtrate of plasma

24
Q

Microglial Cells

A

wandering phagocytic cells that ingest and remove debris throughout the CNS

25
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

cells that ensheathe portions of axons in the CNS by repeatedly wrapping around an axon to create a myelin sheath

26
Q

Satellite Cells

A

flattened cells that arrange around neuronal cell bodies in ganglia of the PNS and help regulate the movement of nutrients and waste products.

27
Q

Schwann Cells (neurolemmocytes)

A

responsible for forming myelin sheath around axons in the PNS

28
Q

nerve

A

cable-like bundle of parallel axons

29
Q

convey sensory information to the central nervous system and all axons are conducting impulses in the same direction

A

Sensory nerve (afferent)

30
Q

convey motor impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands and all the axons are conducting impulses in the same direction

A

motor nerves (efferent)

31
Q

carry both types of information and some axons are transmitting impulses in one direction, while other axons are transmitting impulses in the opposite direction

A

mixed nerves

32
Q

neural groove

A

develops in the embryo during the third week of development

33
Q

neural tube

A

has an opening near the future head and an opening near the future buttocks.
by the end of the third week the neural groove comes together and fuses along the midline to form this

Anatomy exam 3 (6 decks)

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