The brain

Question 1

4 major regions of the brain

Answer 1

1. Cerebrum
2. Diencephalon
3. Brain Stem
4. Cerebellum

Question 2

where does the consciousness reside

Answer 2

cerebral hemispheres

Question 3

gyri

Answer 3

superficial folds

Question 4

sulci

Answer 4

depressions between gyri (folds)

Question 5

5 regions of the brain after 5 weeks of develpment and what they later become

Answer 5

1. Telencephalon - cerebrum
2. Diencephalon - diencephalon
3. Mesencephalon - mescencephalon
4. Metencephalon - cerebellum and pons
5. Myelencephalon - medula oblongata

Question 6

Gray matter (cerebral cortex)

Answer 6

consists of mostly neuron cell boddies, glial cells and mylanated axons

located outside in brain and inside in spinal cord

Question 7

White matter (cerebral medulla)

Answer 7

axons that are mylanated

Located inside in brain and outside in spinal cord

Question 8

3 meninges that protect the brain

Answer 8

dura mater
arachnoid mater
pia mater

Question 9

dura mater

Answer 9

outermost of the three meninges. It not only is found on the outside of the CNS, but also contributes to several inward partitions (septa) that separate parts of the brain

Question 10

2 layers of the dura mater

Answer 10

superficial periosteal layer
deep meningeal layer

Question 11

dural sinuses

Answer 11

periosteal layer and meningeal layer separate to form blood filled spaces. These sinuses eventually transport the blood to the internal jugular veins

Question 12

this space exists between the cranium and the dura mater

Answer 12

epidural space

Question 13

arachnoid mater

Answer 13

next layer under the dura mater

gets its name from its spidery legs, around which CSF flows

Question 14

subarachnoid space

Answer 14

space in between the arachnoid mater and the pia mater

Question 15

pia mater

Answer 15

innermost of the cranial meninges. It tightly adheres to the brain and follows every contour of the brain surface

Question 16

4 dura septa

Answer 16

1. falx cerebri
2. tentorium cerebelli
3. Falx cerebelli
4. diaphragm sellae

Question 17

falx cerebri

Answer 17

runs along the longitudinal fissure between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Connects on crista gali and tentorium cerebelli

Question 18

runs over the top of the cerebellum and is an enfolding of the dura matter

Answer 18

tentorium cerebelli

Question 19

tentorial incisure/ notch

Answer 19

small opening just posterior to sella turcica

Question 20

falx cerebelli

Answer 20

slightly partitions the cerebellum into left and right hemispheres

Question 21

diaphragm sellae

Answer 21

forms a roof over the sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Question 22

where are the 4 ventricles of the brain found

Answer 22

1 and 2 in the cerebrum, 3 in the diencephalon and 4 in the brainstem

Question 23

what is the fourth ventricle associated with

Answer 23

choroid plexus

Question 24

helps with boyancy, protection and environmental stability
Circulates in the hollow ventricles of the brain, the central canal of the spinal cord, and the subarachnoid space

Answer 24

cerebrospinal fluid

Question 25

formed by the ependymal cells that line the ventricles and by nearby blood vessels

Answer 25

choroid plexi

Question 26

how does CSF drain

Answer 26

via the arachnoid villi

Question 27

major complication of congenital toxoplasmosis and is usually associated with substantial cerebral damage

Answer 27

hydrocephalus

Question 28

astrocytes

Answer 28

envelop the brain capillaries and reduce capillary permeability. This helps create the blood-brain barrier

Question 29

where is the blood brain barrier missing

Answer 29

choroid plexi, hypothalamus and the pineal gland

Question 30

cerebrum

Answer 30

derived from the embryonic forebrain and manages our higher brain function: Conscious thought processes, intellectual function Memory storage and processing Conscious and sub conscious regulation of skeletal muscle contractions

Question 31

longitudinal fissure

Answer 31

divides cerebrum into left and right poritons

Question 32

Frontal lobe function

Answer 32

personality decision making motor functions

Question 33

Parietal lobe function

Answer 33

Sensory integration

Question 34

Temporal lobe function

Answer 34

hearing and smell

Question 35

Occipital lobe function

Answer 35

Visual Processing

Question 36

Insula function

Answer 36

memories taste

Question 37

Coup-contrecoup

Answer 37

usually occurs from sudden deceleration. Brain hits front of head and bounces back and hits the back causing brain injury on both sides

Question 38

what does the diencephalon include

Answer 38

epithalamus thalamus hypothalamus

Question 39

epithalamus

Answer 39

melatonin sleep/wake cycle

Question 40

thalamus

Answer 40

principal and final relay point for all sensory information except for the sense of smell(processed in cerebral cortex)

Question 41

hypothalamus

Answer 41

influences heart rate, blood pressure, digestive activites, respiration. It also controls body temp, influences emotional responses, hunger, thirst and circadian rhythms

Question 42

what is the brainstem composed of

Answer 42

midbrain (mesencephalon) pons medulla oblongata

Question 43

functions of mid brain

Answer 43

visual and auditory reflexes and contributes to control of posture and movemnet

Question 44

acts to relay impulses and contributes, along with the medulla oblongata, to the control of breathing

Answer 44

pons

Question 45

medulla oblongata

Answer 45

acts as sensory relay for several cranial nerves, relays information to the thalamus, as a cardiac center to help control the heart, as a vasomotor center to control diameter of blood vessels, control breathing, center for sneezing, coughing, swallowing and vomiting

Question 46

why doe the left side of your brain control your right side and viceversa

Answer 46

this occurs because the nerve fibers from the brain to the spinal cord cross over to opposite sides at the level of the medula oblongata

Question 47

arbor vitae

Answer 47

white matter located inside cerebellum

Question 48

cerebellar cortex

Answer 48

gray matter located on the outside of cerebellum

Question 49

what separates the cerebrum and the cerebellum

Answer 49

a dural septum called the tentorium cerebelli

Question 50

functions of the cerebellum

Answer 50

coordinates muscle contractions. maintains posture and balance and coordinates smooth, athletic motions

Question 51

ataxia

Answer 51

uncoordinated, jerky movements

Question 52

reticular formation

Answer 52

gets you our of subconscious state can go into coma and maybe not wake up if damage occurs here

Question 53

limbic system

Answer 53

exerts important influence upon the endocrine and autonomic motor systems. It is important in memory formation, fear, happiness and sadness

Question 54

can occur whenever there is increased pressure in the brain; bleeding, tumors, infection etc

Answer 54

Rostrocaudal brain deterioration

Question 55

transtentorial herniation of cerebrum

Answer 55

cerebrum swells and tries to move out the tentorial incisure

Question 56

this will occur as the cerebrum pushes down on the midbrain

Answer 56

decorticate posturing

Question 57

this occurs if thrombus (clot) blocks blood flow to the brain Can occur when a weakened wall of a blood vessel ruptures and cuts off blood supply to a portion of the brain

Answer 57

stroke