Nervous System Flashcards by Emma McGlynn

What is a neuron?

A nerve cell. Their job is to react to physical and chemical changes and transmit nerve impulses to other neurons and cells.

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What are the three main general functions of the nervous system?

Integrative, sensory, and motor

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What is the job of nerves?

To direct signals to the muscles

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What part of the brain controls automatic functions like breathing and heart rate?

Medulla oblongata

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What is the job of the cerebellum?

Controls complex motor functions such as muscle coordination and balance

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What does the frontal lobe do?

Responsible for speaking

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What is the job of the dendrite?

To direct electrochemical signals to the cell body

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What is the job of the axon?

To provide a pathway for electrochemical impulses to leave the neuron

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What divides the cerebrum into right and left hemispheres?

Longitudinal fissure

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What is the thin layer of gray matter in the surface of the cerebrum?

Cerebral cortex

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What separates the frontal and parietal lobes?

Central sulcus

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What are the interconnected fluid filled cavities within the brain?

Ventricles

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What connects the cerebellar hemispheres at the midline?

Vermis

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What part of the brain stem is continuous with the spinal cord?

Medulla oblongata

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What is the cone shaped structure attached to the upper portion of the diencephalon?

Pineal gland

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what connects the cerebral hemispheres?

Corpus callosum

What part of the brain stem is between the diencephalon and pons?

The midbrain

What is the rounded bulge on the underside of the brain stem?

The pons

What is the outermost layer of the meninges?

Dura mater

What is the ridge on the surface of the cerebrum?

Gyrus

What contains the thalamus and hypothalamus

Diencephalon

What is the largest part of the brain?

Cerebrum

What is the innermost layer of the meninges?

The pia mater

What substance is responsible for the white matter of nervous tissue?

Myelin

What are the three major parts of the brain?

Cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem

What are the three layers of the meninges?

The dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

What is a synapse?

Where a axon terminal meets another cell

The axon terminal and other cell are separated by what?

The synaptic cleft

What does the frontal lobe do?

This is where higher level thinking occurs such as emotions, planning, reasoning, and problem solving.

What does the parietal lobe do?

It is responsible for integrating sensory information such as touch, temperature, pressure, and pain

What does the temporal lobe do?

Process sensory information for hearing, recognizing language, and forming memories

What does the occipital lobe do?

Receives visual information from the eyes.

What is the dominant hemisphere responsible for?

Language related activities and complex intellectual functions

What is the responsibility of the non dominant hemisphere?

Specializes in motor tasks

What is the diencephalon?

Located between the cerebral hemispheres. Surrounds the third ventricle and is composed of gray matter.

What is the thalamus?

Located within the diencephalon. It is a central relay station, receiving all sensory impulses and sends them to the appropriate regions.

What does the hypothalamus do?

Maintains homeostasis by regulating temp and blood pressure.