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Physiology Test 3 > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

CNS

A

integrating system
brain and spinal cord
enclosed within meninges

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2
Q

PNS

A

afferent
efferent

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3
Q

afferent

A

sensory
receive information from receptors

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4
Q

efferent

A

output
sends info to target cells (muscles and glands)

autonomic neurons
somatic motor neurons

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5
Q

autonomic neurons

A

sympathetic
parasympathetic
enteric nervous system

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6
Q

sympathetic

A

excitatory
fight and flight

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7
Q

parasympathetic

A

rest and digest

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8
Q

meninges outer to inner

A

dura mater
arachnoid mater
subarachnoid space
pia mater

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9
Q

nerve cells

A

glial
neurons

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10
Q

neurons

A

functional unit
carry electrical signals and respond to electrical and chemical signals

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11
Q

axon

A

carry action potential away from soma

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12
Q

dendrites

A

receive impulses from other neurons

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13
Q

cerebrum

A

receives sensations from and controls the movements of the contralateral side of the body

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14
Q

cerebellum

A

equilibrium and coordination

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15
Q

brainstem

A

conduit between cerebrum and spinal cord
regulate vital body functions
breathing and consciousness

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16
Q

hypothalamus

A

temp reg
eating
hormones

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17
Q

ischemic stroke

A

85%
lack of blood supply to an area of the brain without bleeding

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18
Q

thrombolytic stroke

A

stuttering or progressive course

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19
Q

embolytic stroke

A

abrupt onset cardiogenic max deficit at onset

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20
Q

global ischemia

A

lacunar infarcts
occlusion of single deep artery rapid TIA
watershed infarcts 10%

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21
Q

hemorrhagic

A

15%
bleeding from rupture of a cerebral artery
HTN AV malformation

subarahnoid
intercerebral - traumatic

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22
Q

other causes of hemorrhagic

A

hypercoagulative states
vasculitis
arterial dissection
drugs
infections
headaches, neck pain, light intol, nausea, vomiting

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23
Q

middle cerebral artery

A

hemiplegia of the contralateral side, affecting lower part of face arm and hand

contralateral sensory loss
contralateral homonymous hemianopia

dysphagia

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24
Q

anterior cerebral artery

A

contralateral leg weakness and sensory loss

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25
post cerebral artery
visual deficits contralateral homonymous hemianopia MCA stroke
26
blood brain barrier
tight junctions passage of oxygen and glucose
27
glial cells
do not participate in transmission of electrical signals
28
CNS glial cells
oligodendrocytes astrocytes ependymal microglia
29
PNS glial cells
schwann satellite
30
which cells form myelin sheaths
oligodendrocytes schwann
31
ganglion
collections of neurons in PNS (basal ganglia in CNS)
32
dorsal root
brings afferent info into cord sensory neurons enter
33
ventral root
carries efferent info away from cord motor neurons leave
34
myelin role
add structure and insulation on neuron axons to speed up signal transmission
35
saltatory conduction
action potential leaps from one node to the next increase velocity
36
spatial summation
simultaneous stimulation by several presynaptic neurons
37
temporal summation
high frequency stimulation by one presynaptic neuron
38
receptor adaptation
decline in AP generation with a constant stimulus constant environmental stimuli- ignored to avoid overwhelming
39
rapidly adapting receptors
useful in situations where rate of change of stimulus is important -tension of working muscle
40
slowly adapting receptors
useful when info about a sustained stimulus is important -application of pressure
41
upper motor neuron disease lesion, tone, muscle weakness, DTR, plantar response, fasciculation, wasting
lesion- above anterior horn, or above nuclei of CN tone- increased, spasticity muscle weakness- all muscle groups of lower limb- flexor DTR- increased plantar- extensor upgoing toe fasciculation- absent wasting- late- disuse
42
lower motor neuron disease lesion, tone, muscle weakness, DTR, plantar response, fasciculation, wasting
lesion- anterior horn, motor nerve fiber, or NMJ tone- reduced muscle weakness- more distally, flexors and extensors DTR- reduced or absent plantar- normal or absent fasciculation- may be present in anterior horn cell lesions wasting- usually present
43
medulla oblongata
controls breathing, blood pressure, swallowing
44
right side of brain
spatial skills
45
left side of brain
language verbal
46
wernickes area
receptive aphasia unable to understand nonsense speech
47
brocas area
expressive aphasia difficulty speaking write normal can follow simple step but cannot integrate sentences
48
photoreceptors
light
49
mechanicorecptors
mechanical stimuli
50
thermoreceptors
heat
51
chemoreceptors
chemical composition
52
nociceptors
pain
53
deep receptors in muscles
GTO muscle spindle
54
types of mechanoreceptors
meissners corpuscles- light touch free nerve endings- touch, pressure, pain merkels disc- pressure ruffinis end organ- stretch of skin pacinian corpuscle- vibration in skin
55
lesions above C4
can be life threatening paralysis of inspiratory muscles artificial ventilation due to loss of phrenic nerve
56
lesions at C5 through T12
loss of innervation of muscles of expiration
57
encephalitis
viral infiltration of lymphocytes herpes- temporal lobe
58
myelitis
spinal cord viral
59
meningitis
viral associated with encephalitis spinal tap of CSF — lymphocytosis
60
alzheimers info
chronic progressive degenerative condition etiology unknown
61
alzheimers pathology
cerebral cortex hippocampus amygdala atrophy progressive accumulation of amyloid beta peptides and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles senile plaques
62
early symptoms alzheimer’s
psychological changes personality changes first symptom- loss ability to learn new info lose judgement and safety while driving visuospatial deficits math issues language declines apraxia alexia agraphia
63
late stages alzheimer’s
lose smell and taste decrease appetite loss of function with decrease brain cells ataxia - lack of muscular coordination genitourinary system- incontinence delusions agitation sleep disorders
64
terminal phase alzeimers
sleep and stare vacantly cant feed mortality - dehydration, infection, pnemonia
65
apraxia
loss of ability to execute learned movements
66
alexia
cant read
67
agraphia
cant write
68
parkinsons
subcortical neurodegenerative disorder unknown cause decreased number of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (basal nuclei)
69
parkinson’s clinical manifestations
disturbances of movement unstable gait tremor- twitching of muscles resting tremor and increased with stress rigidity bradykinesia postural instability diff swallowing dementia depression
70
motor neuron path
start at anterior horn of the spinal cord leave the spinal cord by the spinal root -Large- alpha motor neurons -Smaller- gamma motor neurons Innervate a muscle -Alpha motor neurons innervate, extrafusal muscle fibers -Gamma motor neurons innervate intrafusal muscle fibers
71
guillian barre syndrome
males more affected all ages autoimmune recent infection asymmetric motor weakness sensory motor impairments weakness - UES, trunk, facial, extraocular, respiratory ANS- tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, changes in bp
72
Multiple sclerosis
auto immune genetic origin 20 to 45 years old Females two:one men
73
Multiple sclerosis symptoms
sensory abnormalities, loss of sense of touch, tingling blurred vision Motor abnormalities, muscle weakness, instigate in coordination of movements, sphincter abnormalities, urinary incontinence
74
Stroke, fast acronym
Face Arms difficulty raising Speech Timing within three hours thromboplastin injection
75
Babinski sign
occurs when stimulation of the lateral plantar aspect of the foot leads to dorsiflexion positive - you have an underlying nervous system her brain condition

Physiology Test 3 (3 decks)

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