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DEOH102 > Nervous system > Flashcards

Nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 3 layers of the meninges

A

Pia mater (Closest to brain )
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater (closest to skull bone )

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2
Q

From skull to brain name the dura and spaces

A

SKULL
EPIDURAL SPACE
duramater
SUBDURAL SPACE
Arachnoid matar
SUBARACHNOID SPACE
Pia mater
BRAIN

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3
Q

Name 2 structures in the diencephalon and their function

A

Thalamus- involved in relaying and processing sensory/motor function -memory/sleep/awake levels

Hypothalamus- links the nervous system to endocrine system ( via hormone release by pituitary gland)-AUTONOMIC functions -appetite /pleasure

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4
Q

Name 3 structures in the brainstem and their functions

A

Midbrain- top part
Pons- mid
Medulla oblongata-lowest part

(all function together regulating important body functions such as heart beat , breathing etc )

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5
Q

What is the brainstem

A

Connects the brain to the spinal cord - if cut-die

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6
Q

Name 3 meninges spaces and where they are found

A

Epidural - between skull and dura
Subdural- btw dura and arachnoid mater
Subarachnoid space- btw arachnoid and Pia matar

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7
Q

What is the central nervous system made of

A

Brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

What is the function of the central nervous system

A

Gets incoming information from the body and evaluates it and initiates a response

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9
Q

What makes up the peripheral nervous system

A

31 spinal nerve pairs + 12 cranial nerve pairs

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10
Q

What is the afferent division of the nervous system

A

All SENSORY information from receptors TO the Brain

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11
Q

What is the efferent division of the nervous system

A

All MOTOR information EXITING the brain

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12
Q

What is the somatic nervous system

A

Part of the Peripheral Nervous sytem
Controls skeletal muscle and external sensory receptors ( under voluntary control)
Voluntary and reflex activities

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13
Q

Do the receptors of the somatic system pass thru ganglion

A

No

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14
Q

What is the Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that
Controls smooth muscle ,cardiac and glands
( involuntary control)

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15
Q

Do the receptors of a autonomic nervous system pass thru ganglion

A

yes

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16
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

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17
Q

What is the difference between the fibres to the ganglion in a sympathetic vs parasympathetic system

A

Sympathetic - preganglionic fibres short
-postganglionic fiber long

parasympathetic - pre ganglionic fibers long
-postganglionic fibers short

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18
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system function

A

fight to flight responses - ( increase Hr, decreases food digestion )
expendable

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19
Q

What is the parasympathetic nervous systems function

A

Rest and repair - increases saliva release for digestion, gland secretions
Necessary for life

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20
Q

Name the 3 parts of a neuron and its job

A

Cell body ( soma) - contains genetic material
Axon - allows axonal transport-impulse conduit
Dendrite- stimulus receiver
( look at notes picture )

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21
Q

Name the parts of the neuron that make the nerve fibre

A

Axon and dendrite

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22
Q

What is found in the axon of a neutron

A

Neurofibrils ( bundles of neurofilaments )

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23
Q

How can neurons be classified

A

By function
- afferent (sensory )- take info To brain
-efferent( motor ) take info Out of brain
-Interneurons ( in CNS only ) - conduct the impose between the afferent and efferent neuron

or By Structure
Unipolar - sensory - 1 axon with 2 branches
Bipolar - special senses ,1 axon ,1 dendrite
Multipolar - most common in CNS - lots dendrites ,1 axon

24
Q

Where are interneurons found

A

In CNS only

25
How are neurons classified by function
- afferent (sensory )- take info To brain -efferent( motor ) take info Out of brain -Interneurons ( in CNS only ) - conduct the impose between the afferent and efferent neuron
26
How are neurons classified by structure
Unipolar -sensory - single axon with 2 branches ( peripheral process that takes info from periphery to brain and central that takes to CNS ) Bipolar-1 axon,1 dendrite Multipolar- most common , lots in CNS ,multi dendrites ,1 axon ( look at note picture )
27
Name 6 glial cells
(Oh A MESS) Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte Microglia Ependymal cell Schwann cell Satellite cell
28
Name 4 central nervous system glia
Oligodendrocyte Astrocyte Microglia Ependymal cell
29
Name 2 peripheral nervous system glia
Schwann cell Satellite cell
30
Name the function of a Oligodendrocyte
surround the nerve cell body and hold it together making a FATTY Myelin sheath
31
Name the function of astrocytes
Attach to neurone and "feed " them lactic acid from glucose.
32
Name the function microglia
In CNS inflammation they phagocytose ( fight infection )
33
Name job of Schwann cells
make myelin sheaths around axons in the peripheral nervous system
34
Name 2 glial cell diseases
Multiple sclerosis- demyelination disorder Neurofibromatosis
35
What is multiple sclerosis
Myelin disorder ,glial cell disease When myelin is destroyed so have gap lesions and so nerve impulses not transmitted
36
What causes multiple sclerosis
Autoimmune
37
What is the cure for multiple sclerosis
None but " monoclonal Ab " are being used recently to help
38
What are the symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Weakness and loss of coordination vision and speech impairment
39
Name 2 peripheral nervous system disporders
Acoustic neuroma - non cancer tumour of vestibular nerve -schwann cell lesion - dizzy hearing loss Neurofibromatosis : elephant man " - Schwann cell over stimulated and grow causing lesions and growths over body -genetic
40
What is the node of Ranvier
Gap on axon between schwann cells where axon uncovered -allow fast impulse conduction
41
what makes a reflex arc
single arc - 3 neurone - 1.afferent (sensory ) taking info from receptor ie finger on pin "pain" 2.interneuron - in CNS processes and makes a response to efferent neuron 3.efferent neuron via spinal nerve takes motor message to muscles to remove finger
42
What is meningitis
Infection and Inflammation of the meninges - usually the Pia and arachnoid mater . usually bacterial - maybe viral or tumour Present headache ,fever, neck pain and stiffness Can kill you
43
What's the function of the epidural space
Cushion brain hitting bone skull
44
What's the function of the subdural space
Lubricates with serous fluid
45
What's the function of the subarachnoid space
Cushions brain - lots of CSF here
46
How much spinal fluid is there
140mls - 117 in subarachnoid space and 23mls in brain ventricles
47
Name 2 functions of CSF
cushions brain from skull Monitors internal environment changes eg CO2
48
Where is CSF absorbed into blood stream
thru arachnoid villi into venous blood
49
Name a condition affecting the CSF
Hydrocepahlus - brain swelling due to blockage of the flow out of CSF ( ie tumour )-> increasing pressures on brain --> death
50
What is cerebral palsy
permanent damage to brain due to decreased blood flow due to trauma infection - so brain gets lack oxygen Voluntary control of muscles lost
51
Can glial cells divide
Yes
52
What is the function of glial cells
1. Support Neurons -function depend on type of glial cell 2. isolate nerve fibers from each other
53
Can neurons divide
No
54
where are glial cells seen
Around neurone in central and peripheral nervous system - make 50% brain mass
55
What 3 types of nerves are there?
Motor ----> muscle Sensory-----> touch and taste Parasympathetic-----> special sensation ie taste /secretions of glands

DEOH102 (25 decks)

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