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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Define nervous system

A
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2
Q

What are the nerve cells of this system called ?

A

Neurons

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3
Q

Each neuron has what ?

A

A cell body and a nerve axon

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4
Q

What is the nervous system classified into?

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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5
Q

Central nervous system consists of what ?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

Peripheral nervous system consists of what ?

A

Somatic nerves and autonomic nerves

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7
Q

Brain consists of what ?

A

Cerebrum
Brain stem
Cerebellum

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8
Q

Spinal cord consists of what ?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal

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9
Q

Somatic nerves consist of what ?

A

Cranial nerves - 12 pairs
Spinal nerves - 31pairs

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10
Q

Autonomic nerves consist of what ?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves

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11
Q

What are the structures protecting the CNS ?

A

Bones and meninges

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12
Q

How do bones protect the CNS ?

A

Skull protects the brain
The vertebral column protects the spinal cord

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13
Q

How do meninges protect the CNS ?

A

3 sheets covering the brain and the spinal cord

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14
Q

What are the three sheets of meninges ?

A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q
A
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18
Q

Cerebrum is divided into what?

A

2 cerebral hemispheres by the median longitudinal fissure

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19
Q

The surface of each cerebral hemisphere shows what?

A

Raised parts called gyri and depressions or grooves called sulci

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20
Q

Each cerebral hemisphere is formed of what ?

A

4 lobes

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21
Q

What are the 4 lobes that each hemisphere is made up of ?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

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22
Q

What is the site of frontal lobe ?

A

Anterior

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23
Q

What is the site of parietal lobe ?

A

Laterally and above

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24
Q

What is the site of temporal lobe ?

A

Laterally and below

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25
What is the site of occipital lobe ?
Posteriorly
26
What is the action of frontal lobe ?
Higher functions
27
What is the function of parietal lobe ?
Sensations
28
What is the function of temporal lobe ?
Auditory
29
What is the function of the occipital lobe ?
Vision
30
31
What is the cerebrum internally formed of ?
Grey and white matter
32
What is the grey matter
33
What is the white matter ?
34
35
Where does cerebellum lies ?
At the back of the head, inferior to the cerebrum and posterior to the brain stem
36
How is cerebellum separated from the brain ?
By a cavity called fourth ventricle
37
Cerebellum consists of what ?
2 cerebellar hemispheres
38
What is the function of cerebellum ?
Coordinates the movement of the body and balance
39
What is brain stem consisting of ?
Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata - continuous down as the spinal cord
40
What process are controlled by brain stem ?
Breathing and heartbeat
41
42
What are the cavities of the brain and the spinal cord ?
These are cavities/spaces filled with fluid that are present in the brain and the spinal cord
43
The cavities present in the brain are called what ?
Ventricles and they are continues downwards with the one present in the spinal cord
44
The cavities present in the spinal cord are called what ?
Central canal of the spinal cord
45
What is the fluid filling the cavities if the brain and spinal cord ?
Cerebrospinal fluid
46
How many ventricles does the brain have ?
4
47
What are the ventricles of the brain ?
2 lateral ventricles Third ventricle Fourth ventricle
48
What is the site of the 2 lateral ventricles ?
Laterally in the cerebral hemisphere
49
What is the site of the third ventricle ?
Medially in the cerebral hemisphere
50
What is the site of the fourth ventricle ?
Between the brain stem anteriorly and the cerebellum posteriorly
51
52
What is the spinal cord ?
The downward continuation of the medulla oblongata
53
Where does the spinal cord run ?
In the vertebral column
54
What is there in the center of the cord ?
Central canal where the cerebrospinal fluid runs
55
The spinal cord is a nervous tissue composed of what ?
White and grey matter
56
What is the difference between the cerebrum and the spinal cord ?
The grey matter is the center of the cord and the white matter forms the outer layer of the spinal cord
57
The spinal cord is divided into what ?
Segments according to the region of the vertebral column it lies in
58
Each segment gives off what ?
A pair of spinal nerves
59
In total how many segments are there in spinal cord?
31
60
How are the 31 segments in the spinal cord divided ?
61
62
What is cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ?
The fluid circulating around the spaces that lie in/around the brain and the spinal cord
63
In what spaces does the cerebrospinal fluid circulate ?
64
How is the cerebrospinal fluid formed ?
65
When the CSF reaches the subarachinoid space what happens ?
It gets absorbed by the arachinoid villi back to the bloodstream
66
Where is the site of choroid plexuses ?
Ventricle of the brain
67
What is the function of choroid plexuses ?
Production of CFS
68
What is the site of the arachinoid villi ?
Subarachinoid space
69
What is the function of the arachinoid villi ?
Absorption of the CSF
70
What are the cranial nerves ?
The nerves emerging from the skull innervating the head and neck only
71
How many pairs are there of cranial nerves ?
12
72
What is the blood brain barrier ?
A membrane that controls the passage of substances from the blood into the central nervous system It is a physical barrier between the local blood vessels and most parts of the central nervous system
73
What is the BBB permeable for ?
Alcohol and some heavy metals can cross the BBB

Anatomy II (11 decks)

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