Respiratory System

Question 1

Define respiratory system

Answer 1

System where gas transport from the outer atmosphere to the inside of the body and gas exchange between air and blood occur

Question 2

What is the division of the respiratory system?

Answer 2

Upper and lower respiratory tract

Question 3

What is included in the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 3

Nasal cavity
Pharynx
Larynx

Question 4

What is included in the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 4

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Lungs

Question 5

The nasal cavity divides into what?

Answer 5

Into right and left by the median nasal septum

Question 6

Posteriority the nasal cavity opens into what?

Answer 6

Nasopharynx

Question 7

Where does the larynx lie?

Answer 7

In the neck, in front of 4th, 5th and 6th cervical vertebrae

Question 8

What is the larynx formed by?

Answer 8

Cartilages that are connected with membranes and muscles

Question 9

What are the cartilages present in larynx?

Answer 9

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
2 arytenoid cartilages
Epiglottis

Question 10

What is the function of larynx?

Answer 10

Part of the respiratory tract
Production of voice

Question 11

What is trachea?

Answer 11

Fibro-elastic tube, 11 cm long
Continuation of the larynx, extends from 6th cervical vertebra to 5th where it ends by dividing into right and left bronchi

Question 12

Where is the trachea located?

Answer 12

Partly in the neck and partly in the thorax

Question 13

The wall of trachea formed by what?

Answer 13

15-20 C - shaped cartilages preventing its collapse

Question 14

What are the relations of trachea?

Answer 14

Esophagus lies posterior to the trachea
Thyroid gland lies on the sides with isthmus anteriorly

Question 15

What are bronchi?

Answer 15

Terminal branches of the trachea

Question 16

What are the types of bronchi?

Answer 16

Primary, secondary, tertiary

Question 17

As the bronchus divides what happens to diameter and cartilaginous content?

Answer 17

Decreases

Question 18

Describe the right and left bronchus in terms of length, lumen, direction and number of divisions

Answer 18

Question 19

Division of tertiary bronchi gives what?

Answer 19

Bronchioles

Question 20

What are the walls of bronchioles made of?

Answer 20

Smooth muscles

Question 21

What are lungs?

Answer 21

Organs of respiration

Question 22

What does the lung equal?

Answer 22

Alveoli + interstitial tissue + blood capillaries.

Question 23

What are the properties of lungs?

Answer 23

Light, spongy, highly elastic

Question 24

What is the shape of lungs?

Answer 24

Conical → apex and base

Question 25

What surfaces does each lung have?

Answer 25

Costal and medial

Question 26

Describe the apex of the lung

Answer 26

Narrow Rounded Extends into the root of the neck

Question 27

Describe the base of the lung

Answer 27

Broad Concave → to fit into the curvature of the diaphragm

Question 28

Describe the costal surface

Answer 28

Large Convex to fit into the curvature of the ribs

Question 29

Describe the medial surface

Answer 29

Contains hilum through which structures enter and leave the lungs

Question 30

What is the outer covering of the lung?

Answer 30

Pleurae

Question 31

What are the hilum structures?

Answer 31

Bronchi Pulmonary vessels

Question 32

Each lung is divided by what?

Answer 32

Fissures

Question 33

What are the blood vessels of the lungs?

Answer 33

Pulmonary vessels Bronchial vessels

Question 34

How do pulmonary vessels act as transporters?

Answer 34

Question 35

What is the function of bronchial vessels?

Answer 35

Question 36

What is pleurae?

Answer 36

Double -walled membrane that encloses the lungs

Question 37

What are the layers of pleurae?

Answer 37

Inner layer → adherent to the lung = visceral layer Outer layer → lines the rib cage and the diaphragm = parietal layer

Question 38

What is pleural cavity?

Answer 38

Space in between layers

Question 39

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Question 47

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