Nervous system Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum
2
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
3
Q
gli/o
A
glue/neurologic tissue
4
Q
mening/o
A
meninges
5
Q
myel/o
A
spinal cord/bone marrow
6
Q
neur/o
A
nerve
7
Q
psych/o
A
mind
8
Q
spin/o
A
spine
9
Q
tox/o or toxic/o
A
toxic
10
Q
Para-
A
near, beside, beyond
11
Q
-lysis
A
separation, destruction, loosening
12
Q
-megaly
A
enlargement
13
Q
-osis
A
abnormal condition
14
Q
-plegia
A
paralysis/stroke
15
Q
-tome
A
instrument to cut
16
Q
-tomy
A
incision, to cut
17
Q
ANS
A
autonomic nervous system
18
Q
CNS
A
central nervous system
19
Q
CSF
A
cerebral spinal fluid
20
Q
CVA
A
cerebral vascular accident (stroke)
21
Q
PNS
A
peripheral nervous system
22
Q
afferent
A
going toward the brain/the sensory pathways
23
Q
arbor vitea
A
tree like structure inside the cerebellum
24
Q
efferent
A
going away from the brain/the motor pathways
25
cuada equina
"horses tail" the lower end of the spinal cord bundled together
26
corpus callosum
bundle of nerves that connect R and L hemispheres of the brain
27
basic functions of the nervous system
sensation, integration, and movement
28
sensation
the ability of the nerves to detect stimuli such as pressure, temp, taste, smell, light. send messages as impulses to brain and sc
29
sensory pathways are also known as
afferent pathways
30
integration (brain)
receives and responds to stimuli, processes info. can happen brain or sc
31
movement
ability of brain to send impulses through motor nerves to muscles and glands to cause movement or secrete hormones
32
motor pathways are also known as
efferent pathways
33
basic units of structure and function for ns
nerves (neurons)
34
nerves send what
electrical messages (impulses)
35
two main types of nerves
sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
36
nerve structure
dendrites, cell body, axon
37
no myelin sheath
grey matter
38
has myelin sheath
white matter
39
ns is divided into
CNS and PNS
40
CNS contains
brain and spinal cord
41
PNS contains
ANS and somatic ns
42
ANS
sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, most of involuntary functions (heart rate, blood flow)
43
somatic ns
voluntary muscles
44
brain contains _ neurons
app 100 billion
45
brain weighs
around 3lbs
46
about _ of blood leaving the heart circulates through brain
20%
47
parts of brain
cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, brain stem
48
cerebrum contains
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
49
diencephalon contains
thalamus and hypothalamus
50
brain stem contains
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
51
largest part of brain w two hemispheres
cerebrum
52
cerebrum is connected by
corpus callosum
53
valleys in cerebrum
sulci
54
hills in cerebrum
gyri
55
cerebrum divided into four lobes
frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
56
frontal lobe
controls skeletal muscle movement, interprets smell, resp for personality, learn, think, problem solve, concentrate
57
parietal lobe
interprets many senses such as taste, touch, temp, pain
58
occipital lobe
interprets sense of light
59
temporal lone
interprets sense of balance and hearing, contains structure that store memory
60
cerebellum is _ largest
second
61
cerebellum means
little cerebrum
62
cerebellum is located
inferior to occipital lobe
63
cerebellum functions
coordinate muscular movements and help body balance
64
arbor vitea
tree like structure seen when cerebellum is dissected
65
hypothalamus function
maintains homeostasis and controls the reg of hunger, thirst, body temp, breathing, internal organ activity, and sleep
66
thalamus function
deals w vision, touch (pain, temp, pressure), taste, hearing, critical for awareness
67
relays info between brain regions and controls many autonomic functions of PNS
diencephalon
68
connects structures of the endocrine system w nervous system
diencephalon
69
brain stem composed of
medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
70
medulla oblongata
continuous w spinal cord, automatic functions such as heart beat, blood pressure, breathing, swallowing, hiccups, vomit, gagging. Relays impulses between brain and sc
71
Pons
means bridge, regulates rate and depth of breathing, helps transfer messages to parts of brain and sc
72
midbrain function
nerve pathway between hemispheres, deals with vision, hearing, eye movement, body movement
73
# of pairs of spinal nerves
31
74
true sc ends in the
upper lumbar region
75
after sc ends in upper lumbar region it turns into
cuada equina (horse tail)
76
clear watery fluid
CSF
77
CSF protects brain and sc as a
shock absorber
78
allows for exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and nerve tissue
CSF
79
circulates between the two layers of meninges through the center of the spinal cord and through large openings called benteicles
CSF
80
set of three layers of connective tissue that enclose the brain and sc
meninges
81
three layers of meninges
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
82
meningitis
infection that causes inflammation of the brain and sc coverings
83
meningitis symptoms
fever, chills, headache, nausea, vomiting, stiff neck
84
meningitis treatment
antibiotics for bacterial, supportive treatment for viral
85
two types of meningitis
bacterial and viral
86
epilepsy symptoms
loss of consciousness, staring spells, violent convulsions
87
concussion
post traumatic impairment of neural function caused by a direct blow to the head resulting in bruising of the brain
88
concussion symptoms
headache, loss of consciousness, ringing in ears, nausea, irritability, confusion, disorientation, dizziness, amnesia, difficulty concentrating
89
stroke occurs when
there is an interruption of the blood supply to any part of the brain
90
stroke symptoms
weakness or paralysis of extremity, numbness, vision changes, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, and memory loss
91
stroke treatment
need immediate care to reduce permanent complications, physical therapy/occupational therapy
92
disease of spinal cord
myelopathy
93
incision into the meninges
meningotomy
94
pertaining to the cerebrum and spine
cerebrospinal
95
rumor composed of neuroglia tissue
glioma
96
destruction of nerves
neurolysis
97
inflammation of nerves and spinal cord
myeloneuritis
98
paralysis of half the body (R or L)
Hemiplegia
99
Paralysis of limbs side by side
Diplegia
100
instrument to cut nerves
neurotome
