Nervous System

Question 0

What is a nerve?

Answer 0

A collection of axons and/or dendrites found outside the CNS

Question 1

What is a ganglion?

Answer 1

A collection of neural cell bodies outside the CNS (motor or sensory neurones)

Question 2

What do afferent neurones carry?

Answer 2

Sensory info towards CNS

Question 3

What do efferent neurones carry?

Answer 3

Motor info away from CNS

Question 4

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

Answer 4

12 pairs

Question 5

How many pairs of spinal nerves? List categories too

Answer 5

31 pairs
8 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

Question 6

What is after the spinal chord?

Answer 6

The conus medullaris

Question 7

What is after the conus medullaris?

Answer 7

The filum terminale

Question 8

What root is the ganglion found on?

Answer 8

Dorsal sensory root

Question 9

What are the meninges called (inner to outer)

Answer 9

Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater

Question 10

Where do spinal nerves emerge from and what do they divide into?

Answer 10

Intervertebral foramen

Divide into ventral and dorsal ramus

Question 11

What is a myotome?

Answer 11

A region of skeletal muscle innervated by a single spinal nerve/cord segment

Question 12

Somatic plexuses supply

Answer 12

Skin, skeletal muscle and joints

Formed from ventral rami of spinal nerves

Question 13

Autonomic plexuses supply

Answer 13

Blood vessels and viscera

Eg perivascular plexus accompany major arteries

Question 14

Brachial plexus is-

Major nerves are

Answer 14

C5-C8 + T1
Axillary (shoulder)
Radial (posterior arm forearm and hand)
Musculocutaneous (anterior arm)
Ulnar (anterior forearm and medial hand)
Median (anterior forearm and lateral hand)

Question 15

Lumbar plexus-

Major nerves are-

Answer 15

L1-L4
Femoral (quadriceps)
Obturator (adductors of thigh, medial to femoral nerve)

Question 16

Sacral plexus -

Major nerves-

Answer 16

L4 L5 + S1- S4
Sciatic nerve (buttock)

Question 17

Limb development is in weeks-

Formation of - by the thickening of -

Answer 17

Weeks 4-8

Apical ectodermal ridge formed by thickening of mesoderm at tip of bud

Question 18

What is Amelia?

Answer 18

Absence of a limb due to developmental abnormality

Question 19

What is meromelia?

Answer 19

Partial absence of a limb due to developmental abnormality

Question 20

Rotation of the limbs- occurs in weeks - which leads to-

Answer 20

Upper limbs rotate laterally, lower limbs rotate medially
Between 6-8 weeks
Spiralling dermatomes

Question 21

Sympathetic efferent outflow is known as

Answer 21

Thoracocolumnar autonomic outflow

Question 22

The sympathetic ganglia can be

Answer 22

Prevertebral (in front, in plexuses, axons that have passed through vertebral column but not synapsed in the para)
Paravertebral (alongside, nerves connect to ganglia via RAMI COMMUNICANS, forms sympathetic chain)

Question 23

What are splachnic nerves?

Answer 23

Go to organs, always autonomic

Can be post (heart and lungs) or preganglionic

Question 24

Parasympathetic is

Answer 24

Craniosacral outflow

Question 25

Parasympathetic ganglia are found

Answer 25

Much further from CNS than Sympathetic, close to the organs that they supply

Question 26

Which cranial nerve innervated much of the thorax and abdomen?

Answer 26

X- vagus

Question 27

Sacral preganglionic nerves are

Answer 27

Pelvic splachnic nerves

Question 28

There is no parasympathetic nerve supply to

Answer 28

The limbs

Question 29

Afferent nerves of the ANS go from

Answer 29

Viscera -> cell bodies in sensory ganglia -> CNS