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NCLEX: Pediatric > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Early signs of increased ICP in infants

A

Irritability, high-pitched cry, poor feeding, bulging fontanel, separated cranial sutures, setting sun sign (eyes appear driven downward)

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2
Q

Early signs of increased ICP in children

A

Headache, N/V, lethargy, seizures

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3
Q

Late signs of increased ICP

A

Bradycardia, decreased LOC, abnormal respirations (Cheyne Stokes), coma

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4
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva causing redness, swelling, and drainage from eye

A

Conjunctivitis (Pink eye)

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5
Q

Pink eye in infants is called

A

Opthalmia neonatorum

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6
Q

Opthalmia neonatorum is caused by exposure of what infections when going through the birth canal?

A

Chlamydia, gonorrhea

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7
Q

Opthalmia neonatorum prophylactic

A

Erythromycin ointment to eyes

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8
Q

S/S of conjunctivitis

A

Redness, itching, swollen eyelids, crusting of eyelids, purulent drainage

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9
Q

Treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis

A

Administration of ophthalmic antibiotic drops

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10
Q

Eye hygiene for child with conjunctivitis

A

Clean eye from inner canthus to outer eye, remove crust with warm, moist compresses

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11
Q

Eye disorder characterized by abnormal blood vessel growth in eyes of premature infants leading to scarring of retina and retinal detachment

A

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

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12
Q

ROP risk factors

A

Prematurity, LBW, excessive supplemental oxygen

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13
Q

S/S of ROP

A

Abnormal blood vessels, white pupils, unusual eye movements, vision loss, detached retina

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14
Q

Prevention of ROP

A

Maintain oxygen therapy within the defined limits

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15
Q

Nearsightedness (can see things clearly up close, but have trouble seeing things that are far away)

A

Myopia

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16
Q

Farsightedness (ability to see things clearly that are far away, but difficult seeing things up close)

A

Hyperopia

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17
Q

The unequal curvature of the lens or cornea that causes blurred vision

A

Astigmatism

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18
Q

Decreased visual acuity in one eye

A

Amblyopia (lazy eye)

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19
Q

Misalignment of the eyes that causes inward or outward deviation

A

Strabismus

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20
Q

S/S that a child may have a visual impairment

A

Headache, dizziness, squinting, excess tearing, rubbing eyes, difficulty reading or poor school performance

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21
Q

Interpret 20/20 vision

A

Child can see something from 20 feet away that most people can see from 20 feet away

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22
Q

Strabismus treatment

A

Occlusion therapy: patch the strong eye to force muscles of affected eye to work harder to keep eye aligned

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23
Q

Most common hearing loss characterized by an issue with the transmission of sound getting into the cochlea (middle ear problem)

A

Conductive hearing loss

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24
Q

Conductive hearing loss is typically caused by

A

Recurrent otitis media

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25
Hearing loss characterized by damage to the inner ear or auditory nerve caused by congenital defects, ototoxic medications, infections, or exposure to excessive noise
Sensorineural hearing loss
26
S/S of hearing loss in infants
Lack of startle reflex, lack of babbling, indifference to sound, failed newborn hearing assessment
27
S/S of hearing loss in children
Speech delay, speak in monotone voice or yell all the time, inattentiveness, shy/withdrawn
28
Conductive hearing loss treatment
Myringotomy (incision into tympanic membrane, placement of tubes allowing drainage of fluid out of middle ear — for recurrent otitis media), hearing aid
29
Sensorineural hearing loss treatment
Cochlear implant
30
Hearing loss nursing care
Provide referral to speech therapist and audiologist, encourage family to get yearly hearing screens, prevent exposure to hazardous noises and provide ear protection as needed
31
Most common form of seizures in children
Febrile
32
Seizure caused by a sudden spike in body temperature (over 38 C) without an underlying seizure-provoking disorder or cause
Febrile seizure
33
Febrile seizures risk factors
Children between ages 6 months and 5 years
34
S/S of febrile seizures
Loss of consciousness, uncontrollable shaking of arms and legs
35
Temporary alteration in brain function that is typically self-resolving in about one to three weeks and treatment is focused on rest and gradual return to activities
Concussion
36
An increase in cerebral spinal fluid that causes a build-up of fluid in the brain which can result in permanent brain damage if left untreated
Hydrocephalus
37
Life-threatening disorder that causes swelling in the brain and liver
Reye’s Syndrome
38
S/S of Reye’s syndrome
Vomiting, confusion, seizures, coma, death
39
Key risk factors for Reye’s syndrome
Recent viral illness (influenza), use of aspirin
40
Labs associated with Reye’s syndrome
Elevated ALT, AST, bilirubin and ammonia
41
Reye’s syndrome nursing care
Monitor patient for increased ICP, implement seizure precautions, implement bleeding precautions
42
Key risk factors for lead poisoning
Pre-1978 housing, home renovation
43
Chelation therapy is required for blood lead levels greater than
45 mcg
44
Treatment for lead poisoning characterized by administration of drug that binds to heavy metals in the body and helps to remove them from body
Chelation therapy
45
Family teaching for prevention of lead exposure/poisoning
Increased intake with calcium and iron to decrease lead absorption, wet mop floors, check home for peeling or flaking paint, frequently wash toys and pacifiers
46
Neural tube defect that causes baby’s spinal cord not to develop properly in utero
Spina bifida
47
Spina bifida risk factors
Insufficient folic acid intake during pregnancy**, maternal diabetes, maternal drug use
48
Type of Spina bifida in which malformation of the spinal cord is not visible, but there may be an abnormal tuft of hair, dimple, or birthmark over the affected area
Spina bifida occulta
49
Type of Spina bifida characterized by a protrusion of a sac or cyst over the baby’s spinal cord that contains cerebral spinal fluid and meninges
Meningocele
50
Type of Spina bifida characterized by protrusion of sac or cyst over spinal cord containing CSF, meninges, and part of the spinal cord
Myelomeningocele
51
Nursing interventions for meningocele or myelomeningocele
Cover sac with sterile saline-moistened non-adherent dressing, place baby in prone position with hips flexed
52
Complications of Spina bifida
Hydrocephalus, latex allergy, increased risk for pressure injuries and burns (d/t lack of sensation), bladder dysfunction (often requires intermittent catheterization)
53
Neurological disorder characterized by abnormal intrauterine development of the brain or some kind of hypo or brain injury that damages the cerebral cortex resulting in that impaired body movement and muscle coordination
Cerebral palsy
54
S/S of cerebral palsy
Ataxia (lack of coordination), muscle spasticity, impaired gait Severe: intellectual disability, seizures, impaired swallowing, speech, vision, and hearing
55
Treatment of muscle spasticity related to cerebral palsy
Botox, intrathecal baclofen
56
Physical features associated with Down syndrome (trisomy 21)
Broad flat nose, low-set ears, protruding tongue, single uninterrupted palmar crease
57
X-linked dominant chromosomal abnormality that causes intellectual disability and autism
Fragile X
58
Which gender gets more severe symptoms of fragile X?
Males
59
Physical features of fragile X
Long face, prominent forehead, protruding ears Other S/S: cognitive impairment, speech abnormalities, poor eye contact, hyperactivity
60
X-linked recessive neuromuscular disease that causes muscle degeneration and weakness, skeletal muscle atrophy, and cardiac muscle atrophy
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
61
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy risk factors
Family hx, males
62
S/S of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy
Delayed motor movement, cognitive impairment, muscle weakness, waddling gait, elevated CK
63
Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy nursing care
Initiate palliative care (death usually occurs in 20s d/t respiratory muscle weakness and/or cardiomyopathy)
64
Treatment of ADHD
CNS stimulants (amphetamine mixtures, methylphenidate)
65
Key side effects of CNS stimulants for ADHD
Insomnia, decreased appetite — advise parents to provide meds in morning and administer with meals or after meals
66
ADHD nursing care
Monitor growth and weight throughout therapy
67
ADHD family education
Maintain structure environment with consistent rules, decrease distractions
68
Neurological disorder that causes behavioral and psychological problems
Autism (ASD)
69
ASD risk factors
Family hx, males
70
S/S of ASD
Impaired social interactions, repetitive behavior, lack of eye contact, speech delays, cognitive impairment, trouble adapting to routine changes
71
ASD family education
Provide structured environment, decrease stimuli, give plenty of notice prior to change in routine

NCLEX: Pediatric (11 decks)

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