Nervous system

Question 1

CNS

Answer 1

brain + spinal cord
Sensory neurons
signals from receptors to CNS

Question 2

PNS

Answer 2

peripheral nerves
motor neurons
signals from CNS to effectors

Question 3

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 3

Automatic functions (like heartbeat and breathing).

Question 4

Somatic nervous system

Answer 4

Voluntary actions (things you decide to do).

Question 5

Sympathetic division

Answer 5

Controls “Fight or Flight” response (stress response).

Question 6

Parasympathetic division

Answer 6

Conserves energy
Rest + Digest

Question 8

medulla oblongata

Answer 8

connects spinal cord to brain
involuntary movement

Question 9

pons

Answer 9

brain to spinal cord
sleeping breathing

Question 10

cerebellum

Answer 10

balance, limb movement etc,
motor movements

Question 11

mid brain

Answer 11

eye and ear reflexes
activates forebrain

Question 12

cerebrum

Answer 12

learning, memory and emotions

Question 13

frontal lobe

Answer 13

motor, personality, intelligence

Question 14

Parietal lobe

Answer 14

touch taste temperature, pain

Question 15

temporal lobe

Answer 15

hearing, smell, memory

Question 16

occipital lobe

Answer 16

vision

Question 17

hypothalamus

Answer 17

bodies control center, controls basic needs, behaviour emotion, hunger, thirst etc

Question 18

SNS

Answer 18

controls voluntary actions

Question 19

ANS

Answer 19

works automatically without doing it on porpose

Question 20

sympathetic division

Answer 20

fight or flight prepares body for action in stressful situations

Question 21

parasympathetic division

Answer 21

rest and digest

Question 22

white matter

Answer 22

myelinated, sends signals quickly inside the brain and outside the spinal cord.

Question 23

gray matter

Answer 23

unmyelinated, outside the brain and inside the spinal cord; slower signals.

Question 26

function of spinal cord

Answer 26

Sends messages between the brain and body and controls reflexes.

Question 26

spinal cord has

Answer 26

sensory neurons motor neurons Interneurons

Question 26

reflex pathway acronym

Answer 26

SSIMMR

Question 27

dendrites

Answer 27

bring info to neauron

Question 28

role of body cell in neuron

Answer 28

holds main part of cell

Question 29

Axon

Answer 29

sends signal to next cell

Question 30

myelin sheath

Answer 30

covers axon and helps signals move faster

Question 31

synapse

Answer 31

gap between neurons where signals pass

Question 32

motor neuron

Answer 32

sends signals from CNS to muscle or glands

Question 33

sensory neuron

Answer 33

Brings signals from body sensors to the CNS.

Question 34

interneuron

Answer 34

neuron that connects other neurons within the CNS.

Question 35

neuron

Answer 35

sends electrical signals in the body

Question 36

glial cell

Answer 36

supports and keeps neurons healthy

Question 37

sensory (afferent) neuron

Answer 37

carries information from sensory receptors in the PNS to the CNS.

Question 38

motor (efferent) neuron

Answer 38

carries info from the CNS to muscles or glands (effectors) to cause a response.

Question 39

effector

Answer 39

A muscle or gland that responds to signals from motor neurons.

Question 40

action potential

Answer 40

nerve impulse caused by changes in electrical charge inside the neuron.

Question 41

phases of an action potential?

Answer 41

Resting potential, depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization, and return to resting potential. RDRHR

Question 42

depolarization

Answer 42

Sodium (Na+) channels open, allowing Na+ to enter the cell, making the inside more positive.

Question 43

repolarization

Answer 43

Potassium (K+) channels open, allowing K+ to leave the cell, which makes the inside more negative again.

Question 44

hyperpolarization

Answer 44

cell becomes more negative than the resting potential due to excess K+ leaving.

Question 45

What restores the neuron to resting potential?

Answer 45

sodium-potassium pump, which moves Na+ out and K+ in.

Question 46

What is the "All or None" response?

Answer 46

Neurons either fully respond with an action potential or not at all, depending on whether they reach the threshold.

Question 47

refractory period?

Answer 47

short time after an action potential when a neuron cannot respond to another stimulus.

Question 48

How does an action potential move along a neuron?

Answer 48

goes along the axon as a wave of depolarization, jumping between nodes of Ranvier in myelinated neurons

Question 49

What makes nerve impulses travel faster?

Answer 49

Myelination, which allows impulses to jump between nodes of Ranvier, speeding up conduction.