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bio 30 unit 2 > A2 > Flashcards

A2 Flashcards

1
Q

control system

A

senses change in environment & responds w appropriate internal changes to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

Negative feedback loop

A

brings body towards homeostasis

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3
Q

positive feedback loop

A

brings body away from homeostasis

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4
Q

hormones regulate through

A

negative feedback

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5
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete products that eventually leave the body

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6
Q

Endocrine glands

A

secrete products that enter the blood stream

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7
Q

pineal gland

A

regulates sleep cycles

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8
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls the release of hormones from pituitary gland

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9
Q

thyroid gland

A

produces T4 & T3
regulates metabolism
produces calcitonin

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10
Q

parathyroid gland

A

produces PTH that raises blood calcium

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11
Q

adrenal gland

A

produces cortisol
regulates metabolism & stress respones
produces aldosterone

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12
Q

aldosterone

A

regulates sodium & water balance

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13
Q

pancreas

A

produces insulin and glucagon

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14
Q

insulin

A

lowers blood sugar
is produced by beta cells

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15
Q

glucagon

A

raises blood sugar
is produced by alpha cells

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16
Q

Testes (male)

A

produce testosterone

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17
Q

ovaries

A

produce estrogen and progesterone

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18
Q

Non target hormone

A

affects main cells in body

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19
Q

target hormone

A

affect specific body cells

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20
Q

Tropic

A

Target hormones that stimulate endocrine gland

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21
Q

water soluble hormones

A

protein based hormones such as insulin, hGh, & epinephrine bind to receptors outside of cell

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22
Q

fat soluble hormone

A

dissolves in fat rather than water, can pass through cells, ex. steroid hormones

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23
Q

Pituitary gland

A

releases tropic hormones that control other endocrine gland

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24
Q

where does posterior pituitary receive nerve signals from and what type

A

hypothalamus as nerve signals

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25
Posterior pituitary releases
ADH in kidneys and oxytocin in uterus and mammary glands
26
where does anterior pituitary receive nerve signals from and what type
sends releases hormones as signals
27
Anterior pituitary releases
hGh, ATCH, TSH, FSH, LH, PRL
28
pancreas is both
exo and endo gland
29
beta cells
produce insulin
30
alpha cells
produce glucagon
31
Glucagon
when theres extra glucose in blood, body stores is at glucagon in liver & muscles which can be used for energy later
32
blood sugar levels are controlled by
pancreas and adrenal glands
33
glucose levels in homeostasis
5 mmol/L
34
diabetes mellitus
where a person consistantly has elevated blood sugar levels
35
effects of diabetes mellitus
- impacts kidneys ability to absorb water - glucose in urine increases, increasing urine volume and causing dehydration
36
diabetes mellitus Symptoms
-thirst -tiredness -craving sugary drinks
37
Type 1 diabetes
can't produce insulin so glucose can't removed = glucose stays in blood stream causing high BS
38
Type 2 diabetes
too much insulin cause insulin receptors to stop working = glucose not being removed from BS
39
Gestational diabetes
temporary, occurs during pregnancy
40
Diabetes inspididus
not enough ADH or kidneys don't dont respond to ADH
41
Diabetes inspididus effect
excessive urination without affecting blood sugar
42
Diabetes inspididus treatment
synthetic ADH
43
metabolism requires what type of process
chemical process
44
thyroid gland
controls rate of CR
45
High metabolic rate in thyroid
supports protein synthesis, growth and increase body heat production
46
direct response
hypothalamus and pituitary are not part of it
47
calcitonin
lowers blood calcium levels, helps store more calcium in bones, and reduces how much is absorbed by kidneys
48
PTH
raises blood calcium levels, takes out calcium from bones, and increases how much is absorbed by kidneys
49
if water obsorbtion increases
urine is more concentrated and blood is more dilute
50
cortisol
breaks down muscle and fat cells, raises blood sugar, suppresses immune system
51
Aldosterone
increases sodium reabsorption in kidneys, raises BP
52
target site for high blood sugar and feedback
53
target site for low blood sugar and feedback
54
target site for decreased metabolism and feedback
55
target site for high blood calcium and feedback
56
target site for low blood calcium and feedback
57
target site for human growth hormone and feedback
58
target site for dehydration and feedback
59
target site for short term stress and feedback
60
target site for long term stress and feedback

bio 30 unit 2 (4 decks)

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