Nervous System

Question 1

cerebell/o

Answer 1

cerebellum (posterior part of the brain)

Question 2

cerebr/o

Answer 2

cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

Question 3

dur/o

Answer 3

dura matter

Question 4

encephal/o

Answer 4

brain

Question 5

gli/o

Answer 5

glial cells; neuroglial cells
(supportive tissue of the nervous system)

Question 6

kines/o

Answer 6

movement

Question 7

mening/o

Answer 7

meninges (membranes covering the spinal cord and brain)

Question 8

my/o

Answer 8

muscle

Question 9

myel/o

Answer 9

spinal cord; bone marrow

Question 10

neur/o

Answer 10

nerve

Question 11

vag/o

Answer 11

vagus nerve

Question 12

Alzheimer’s (AD)

Answer 12

-Gradual & progressive mental deterioration
-Personality changes
-Impairment of daily functioning
-Unknown cause - genetics may play a role
brain
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

Question 13

Bell’s Palsy

Answer 13

-Paralysis on one side of the face
-Viral infection
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

Question 14

epilepsy

Answer 14

-Chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity
-Seizure- abnormal, sudden discharges of electrical activity within the brain
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

Question 15

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 15

-Destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS
-Myelin is replaced by plaques of sclerotic (hard) tissue
-Progressive muscle weakness
-Etiology is unknown
-Autoimmune disease
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

Question 16

Myasthenia gravis (MG)

Answer 16

-Autoimmune disorder
-Antibodies block the ability of ACh to transmit the nerve impulse
-Characterized by muscle weakness
-Immunosuppressive therapy
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

Question 17

Parkinson’s

Answer 17

-Tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement
-Deficiency of dopamine
-Degenerative Movement & Seizure Disorder

Question 18

cerebral contusion

Answer 18

-Bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head
-Usually associated w/ skull fracture & edema
-Traumatic disorder

Question 19

cerebral concussion

Answer 19

-Caused by a blow to the head
-Bruising
-No evidence of structural damage
-Traumatic disorder

Question 20

spina bifida

Answer 20

-Cccurs when the neural tube doesn’t close during pregnancy
-Congenital Disorder

Question 21

Occulta

Answer 21

The most mild type of Spina Bifida

Question 22

(on spina bifida slide)

Answer 22

Cystica
-Meningocele
-Myelomeningocele

Question 23

meningocele (on spina bifida slide, under cystica)

Answer 23

CSF forms a sac on the spine

Question 24

meylominingocele (on spina bifida slide, under cystica)

Answer 24

The external sac contains CSF and the spinal nerves

Question 25

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 25

-Disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; Stroke

Question 26

amyotrophic later sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 26

- Degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord & brain stem - Weakness & atrophy (wasting away) of muscles in the hands, forearms, & legs - Difficulty in swallowing & talking & dyspnea (difficult, labored breathing) - Etiology (cause) & cure are unknown - AKA: Lou Gehrig Disease - degenerative movement and seizure disorder -

Question 27

glial cell

Answer 27

-support -help ward off infection -do not transmit impulses -numerous & can reproduce

Question 28

types of glial cells

Answer 28

-astrocyte (astroglial cells) -microglial cell -oligodendroglial cell -ependymal cell

Question 29

cerebrum

Answer 29

-Largest part of the brain (83%) -Responsible for higher mental functions & distribution of impulses -responsible for voluntary musclar activity, vision, speech, taste, eharing, thought, and memory)

Question 30

Cerebral cortex

Answer 30

- Outer 3mm of “gray matter” - 70% of all neurons in nervous system - Controls most body functions Consciousness Sensory processing Motor processing Reasoning Language

Question 31

cerebellum

Answer 31

- Below and posterior to the cerebrum -Coordinates muscular movement, posture, balance, running and walking

Question 32

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 32

- Serves as shock absorber for the brain and spinal cord - Provides nutrients & waste removal for brain tissue - CSF is clear and colorless - Contains lymphocytes, sugar, and proteins

Question 33

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 33

-part of the brain stem -Controls vital bodily functions like breathing and heartbeat

Question 34

hypothalamus

Answer 34

-part of the diencephalon -Regulates autonomic control (homeostasis) -Thirst, hunger, BP, temperature & glandular secretions -Regulates Pituitary gland secretions

Question 35

dura mater

Answer 35

-part of the meninges -“Tough mother” -strong, white fibrous tissue that lines skull bones

Question 36

meninges

Answer 36

3 membranous coverings that surround the brain and spinal cord with spaces between each

Question 37

epidural

Answer 37

(space) - between bone & dura mater

Question 38

Subdural

Answer 38

(space) - between dura & arachnoid`

Question 39

gyri

Answer 39

bumps

Question 40

sulci

Answer 40

grooves

Question 41

cranial nerves

Answer 41

-12 pairs -send electrical signals between your brain and different parts of your head, face, neck and torso

Question 42

plexus

Answer 42

peripheral nerves that run through body cervial, brachial, lumbosacral (part of peripheral nervous system PNS)

Question 43

afferent nerve

Answer 43

-carries impulses towards CNS -Somatic (skin, skeletal, muscles & joints) -visceral (organs w/in ventral cavity

Question 44

efferent nerve

Answer 44

-somatic - carries info to skeletal muscles -reflexes & voluntary control - autonomic - involuntary; regulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscles & glands

Question 45

The PNS is divided...

Answer 45

into 2 divisions based on functions afferent (sensory) division efferent (motor) division

Question 46

Huntington's disease/chorea

Answer 46

Hereditary disorder Degenerative changes in the cerebrum leading to abrupt involuntary movements & mental deterioration