Skeletal System Vocab

Question 1

ligament

Answer 1

connect bone to bone

Question 2

osteoblast

Answer 2

produce immature bony tissue that replaces cartilage

Question 3

osteoclast

Answer 3

reabsorb or digest bone (remodels) (osteoblasts + clasts work to deposit and tear down bone throughout life)

Question 4

diaphysis

Answer 4

shaft of long bones

Question 5

epiphysis

Answer 5

end of long bones

Question 6

metaphysis

Answer 6

cone-like flared portion btwn end & shaft

Question 7

epiphyseal plate

Answer 7

growth plate where cartilage is replaced by bone for bone growth (in length)

Question 8

articular cartilage

Answer 8

-covers ends of bones
-cushions joint & allows them to move smoothly
-smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint

Question 9

compact bone

Answer 9

contains haversian systems for blood vessels, nerves, and yellow bone marrow

Question 10

cancellous bone

Answer 10

(spongy) spaces contain red bone marrow with elements for hematopoiesis

production of blood cells and platelets, occurs in the bone marrow

Question 11

red bone marrow

Answer 11

-rich w blood vessels
-blood cells at different stages of development
-hematpoiesis
-changes to yellow later in life

Question 12

yellow bone marrow

Answer 12

mostly fat

Question 13

bone processes

Answer 13

serves as attachments for muscles, tendons, & ligaments

Question 14

bone depression

Answer 14

openings or hollow regions; passageways for nerves &/or vessels (-Fissure- Foramen- Fossa- Sinus)

Question 15

bone head (bone process)

Answer 15

rounded end of the bone

Question 16

condyle (bone process)

Answer 16

rounded knuckle-like process

Question 17

epicondyle (bone process)

Answer 17

small rounded process for tendon attachment

Question 18

trochanter (bone process)

Answer 18

-femur only; greater and lesser
-tendon attachment

Question 19

tuberosity (tubercle) (bone process)

Answer 19

small rounded elevation for tendon attachment

Question 20

fissure (bone depression)

Answer 20

narrow grow; slit-like (ex. orbitial fissure, eye socket)

Question 21

foramen (bone depress)

Answer 21

opening for blood vessels & nerves (foremen magnum of skull)

Question 22

fossa (bone depress)

Answer 22

shallow cavity in or on a bone (olecranon fossa on humerus (elbow))

Question 23

sinus (bone depress)

Answer 23

hollow cavity w/in bone (sinuses of skull)

Question 24

sinuses

Answer 24

-located in facial and cranial bone
-lighten the skull
-warm and moisten the air as it passes into the respiratory sys

Question 25

vertebrae

Answer 25

-26 bone segments from base of skull to tailbone in 5 divisions and separated by pads of cartilage called intervertebral disks

Question 26

intervertebral disks (vertebrae)

Answer 26

pads of cartilage

Question 27

Vertebrae sections

Answer 27

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx (tailbone)

Question 28

coccyx (vertebrae)

Answer 28

tailbone

Question 29

acetabulum

Answer 29

the socket of the hipbone into which the femur fits

Question 30

bursa (pl. bursae)

Answer 30

-closed sacs of synovial fluid -located near a joint

Question 31

meniscus

Answer 31

-cartilage that divides a joint -protective cushion -located in the knee

Question 32

tendons

Answer 32

connect muscle to bone

Question 33

ossification

Answer 33

replacement of cartilage w/ bone

Question 34

hormones that regular calcium levels in blood & bone

Answer 34

PTH & calcitonin

Question 35

calcium source

Answer 35

skeleton

Question 36

proper formation of bones depends on sources of

Answer 36

Calcium, potassium, & vitamin D

Question 37

where is bone marrow found

Answer 37

ribs, pelvic bone, sternum, vertebrae, epiphysis of long bones

Question 38

articulation

Answer 38

any type of joint (any place in the body where 2+ bones meet and form a connection)

Question 39

cartilage

Answer 39

A tough, flexible tissue that lines joints and gives structure to body (including nose, ears, larynx/voicebox)

Question 40

3 types of joints

Answer 40

immovable (synarthroses), freely movable (diarthroses), slightly moveable (Amphiarthroses)

Question 41

immovable (synarthroses) ex

Answer 41

cranium,

Question 42

Freely moveable (Diarthroses) categories

Answer 42

gliding joint, pivotal joint, saddle joint, hinge joint, condylar joint, ball and socket joint

Question 43

Slightly moveable (Amphiarthroses)

Answer 43

ribs and pelvis

Question 44

Slightly moveable (Amphiarthroses) TYPE

Answer 44

Synovial- (ball and socket joints)

Question 45

synovial joints

Answer 45

- Joint capsule surrounds bone - Synovial membrane lies under capsule & lines synovial cavity; filled with synovial fluid

Question 46

periosteum

Answer 46

a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints

Question 47

osteocyte

Answer 47

nourishes & maintains bone