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Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the functions of the nervous system.

A

Control center of the body, integration of sensory and motor output.

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2
Q

What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?

A

Sensory Functions
Integrative Function
Motor Function

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3
Q

Detect both internal and external stimuli.

A

Sensory Functions

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4
Q

Functional unit of Sensory functions

A

Sensory or Afferent Neurons

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5
Q

CNS integrates sensory input and makes decisions regarding appropriate responses

A

Integrative Functions

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6
Q

Functional Unit of the integrative functions.

A

Interneurons or Association Neurons of the Brain and Spinal cord

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7
Q

Response to integration decisions

A

Motor Functions

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8
Q

Functional Unit of the motor functions.

A

Motor or Efferent Neurons

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9
Q

What pathways are in the ventral aspect?

A

Motor pathways

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10
Q

What pathways are in the dorsal aspect?

A

Sensory pathways

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11
Q

Other name for muscle

A

Effector Organ

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12
Q

Give the 5 organizations of the nervous system.

A

Sensory receptor
Sensory neuron
Integrating center
motor neuron
Effector

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13
Q

Responds to a stimulus by producing a generator or receptor potential

A

Sensory receptor

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14
Q

axons conduct impulses from receptor to integrating center

A

Sensory neuron

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15
Q

one or more regions within the CNS that relay impulses from sensory to motor neurons.

A

Integrating center

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16
Q

axons conduct impulses from receptor to effector.

A

Motor neuron

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17
Q

Muscle or gland that responds to motor nerve impulses

A

Effector

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18
Q

Give the parts of the CNS

A

Brain and Spinal cord

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19
Q

Give the parts of the PNS

A

Cranial nerves and spinal nerves

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20
Q

Systems of the PNS

A

Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System

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21
Q

What are inside the ANS?

A

Heart muscle, smooth muscle, gland

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22
Q

What are inside the SNS?

A

Voluntary skeletal muscle

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23
Q

Give the divisions of the ANS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic division.

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24
Q

This is the second brain or brain in the gut.

A

Enteric nervous system

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25
It contains cell extensions organized into tracts (axon and myelin)
White matter
26
Contains neuron cell bodies
Gray Matter
27
Give parts of the cell.
Cell body (soma) Dendrites Axon Nodes of Ranvier Axon terminal Synapse
28
Control of the cell
Soma or Cell body
29
Receives information from neurotransmitters
Dendrites
30
Carries impulses away from the cell body
Axon
31
these are the gaps in the axon.
Nodes of Ranvier
32
this is the gap in the end of the nerve.
synapse
33
transmit signals to other neurons.
Axon terminal
34
A kind of conduction that is non-myelinated.
Continuous conduction
35
A kind of conduction that is myelinated
Saltatory conduction
36
Organization of the nerve
Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium
37
surrounds NEURON
Epineurium
38
surrounds FASSICLE.
Perineurium
39
surrounds individual AXON
Endoneurium
40
Also called supportive cells of the CNS
Neuroglia
41
Give the kinds of supportive cells in the CNS
Oligodendrocyte Astrocytes Microglia Ependymal Cells
42
form the myelin sheath of the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes
43
form the myelin sheath of the PNS.
Schwann cell
44
Help form the blood-brain barrier and support the appropriate chemical environment for neurons.
Astrocytes
45
Phagocytes in the CNS that engulf microbes and cellular debris.
Microglia
46
Form blood-brain barrier in the brain ventricles and central canal of spinal cord. Produce cerebrospinal fluid and assist in its circulation.
Ependymal Cells
47
Describe the cerebrospinal fluid.
Colorless and odorless.
48
Explain briefly the information transfer in the synaptic cleft
AP nerve terminal Synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal produce ACh Ach goes to the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors in the sarcolemma in order to open a channel for sodium After post reuptake occurs 
49
What happens to acetylcholine after it is used?
Reuptake occurs (reabsorption) or is broken down by acetylcholinesterase
50
Serve as maps to the brain.
Brodmann Areas
51
These are ridges on the cerebral cortex
Gyrus
52
These are depressions in the cerebral cortex.
Sulcus
53
Deep groves in the cerebral cortex.
Fissures
54
Separate the frontal and the parietal.
Central sulcus of Ronaldo
55
BA (4)
Primary motor complex
56
BA (6)
Premotor Cortex
57
BA (3, 2, 1)
Primary Somatosensory Cortex
58
BA (5, 7)
Somatosensory Association Cortex
59
BA (17)
Primary Visual Cortex
60
BA (18, 19)
Visual Association Cortex
61
BA (44, 45)
Broca's Area
62
BA (22)
Wernicke's Area
63
Controls voluntary muscles (BA)
Primary Motor Complex
64
Damage in BA (4)
Paralysis or weakness
65
Supplementary Motor Cortex
Premotor Cortex (BA 6)
66
Damage in BA (6)
Lose coordination (Apraxia)
67
Sensations (BA)
Primary Somatosensory Cortex (BA 3, 1, 2)
68
Damage in (3, 1, 2)
Loss of sensory
69
Support the Primary somatosensory cortex
Somatosensory Association cortex (BA 5, 7)
70
Visual Information
Primary Visual Cortex (BA 17)
71
Damage in BA 17
Blindness in visual field
72
Supports the primary visual cortex
Visual Association Cortex (BA 18, 19)
73
Damage in BA (18, 19)
Visual Agnosia
74
Speech production, motor control of language
Broca's Area (BA 44, 45)
75
Problem in BA 44, 45
Broca's Aphasia
76
Language comprehension
Wernicke's Area (BA 22)
77
Problem in BA 22
Wernicke's Aphasia
78
Spinal nerve between C1 and C2
C2s spinal nerve
79
Spinal nerve between T1 and T2
T1 spinal nerve
80
Spinal nerve between L1 and L2
L1 spinal nerve
81
Carries signals from the CNS
Motor Neurons
82
Carries signals to the CNS
Sensory Neurons
83
Two types of Motor Neurons
Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System
84
Motor neurons that control voluntary movements by activating skeletal muscles.
Somatic Nervous System
85
Motor neurons that control involuntary responses involving the organs, glands, and smooth muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System
86
Fight or flight
Sympathetic Division
87
Rest and rumination
Parasympathetic Division
88
What happens to eyes during parasympathetic?
Constrict
89
What happens to eyes during sympathetic?
Dilation
90
What happens to Blood vessels during parasympathetic?
Dilation
91
What happens to Blood vessels during sympathetic?
Constrict
92
Is protected by the vertebrae.
Spinal Cord
93
Nerves, neurons, and sensory organs outside the central nervous system.
Peripheral nervous system
94
Types or nerve fibers
A fibers B fibers C fibers
95
Kinds of A fibes
A- alpha A-beta A-gamma
96
Largest diameter myelinated fibers/fastest saltatory conduction
A fibers
97
What does A fibers do?
Touch, pressure, temperature
98
How fast in A fibers?
12 - 130 m/sec
99
intermediate diameter myelinated fibers /slower Saltatory
B Fibers
100
What does the B fibers do?
Nerves of the organs (ANS)
101
Smallest diameter unmyelinated fibers/ continuous conduction
C Fibers
102
What does the C fibers do?
Visceral pain sensation
103
How fast is C fibers?
0.5 – 2 m/sec
104
BONUS: Sing the types of fibers
Se, Se, Mo, Mo, Mix, Mo, Mix, Se, Mix, Mix, Mo, Mo
105
Give all the cranial nerves (OOOTTAFVGVSH)
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducent Facial Vestibular Glossopharyngeal Vagus Spinal Accessory Hypoglossal
106
Forebrain (prosencephalon) nerves
Olfactory (telencephalon) Optic (diencephalon) 1, 2
107
Midbrain (Diencephalon) nerves
Oculomotor Trochlear 3, 4
108
Brainstem
Trigeminal Abducent Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus 5 - 10, 12
109
Superior Spinal Cord
Spinal Accessory

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