Anatomy and Physiology of Bones Flashcards by Augustine Malasig

Give some functions of the bones.

Supportive framework of the body.
Protect vital organs.
Act as biomechanical levers on which muscles act to produce motion.

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What minerals are in bones?

Calcium and Phosphorus

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Blood cell formation otherwise knowns as

Hemopoiesis

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Give all the bone features

Diaphysis
Epiphysis
Metaphysis
Epiphyseal Plate
Articular Cartilage

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Main shaft of the bone

Diaphysis

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Proximal and distal ends of the bone

Epiphysis

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Between diaphysis and epiphysis

Metaphysis

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Layer or cartilage present in kids

Epiphyseal plate

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Smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones.

Articular cartilage

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Two major bone types

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

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Specialized cells for bones

Osteogenic cells

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Found in the surface of the bone, involved in bone formation/deposition. Make collagen fibers and form the matrix of the bone.

Osteoblasts

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These are mature bone cells

Osteocytes

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Embedded deep in the bone, involved in resorption/ breakdown of bone tissues.

Osteoclasts

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More solid form (bone)

Compact bone

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Spongy bone

Cancellous bone

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For compact bone what is it called?

Osteon (Haversian Canal)

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For cancellous bone what is it called?

Trabeculae

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Name all the bones in the osteon

Volkman’s Canal
Concentric and Interstitial Lamellae
Lacuna
Canaliculus

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Passageway of blood vessels

Volkman’s Canal

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Rings of extracellular matrix

Concentric and interstitial lamellae

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Spaces between lamellae contain osteocytes

Lacuna

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Extracellular fluid

Canaliculus

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What makes up the whole haversian canal?

Volkman’s Canal
Concentric and Interstitial Lamellae
Lacuna
Canaliculus

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Orientation of the bones decription

Cortical outer and cancellous underneath

Give the description of a cortical bone.

low porosity, stiff, 5-30% nonmineralized tissue. greater stress but less strain

Give the description of a cancellous bone.

high porosity, spongy, 30-90%. Lesser stress but greater strain.

Bones are composed of?

Calcium carbonate Calcium phosphate collagen water

How many percent is Calcium carbonate and phosphate in the bone?

60-70%

How many percent is water in the bone?

25-30%

What is the use of collagen for the bone?

Added flexibility and stress (aging causes progressive loss)

Give the bones in the axial skeleton (6)

Skull (cranial and facial) Ear Ossicles Hyoid Bone Vertebral Column Sternum Ribs

Give the bones in the cranial (6)

Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Sphenoid Ethmoid

How many bones are in the cranial?

What are the bones in the facial?

Nasal Lacrimal Vomer Inferior Nasal Conchae Zygomatic Maxillae Palatine Mandible

How many bones are in the facial?

What are the bones in the Ear ossicles?

Malleus Incus Stapes

How many bones are there in the ear ossicles?

How many bones are in the Vertebral column?

How many bones in the ribs?

How many bones are true ribs?

1-7

How many bones are false bones?

8-12

How many bones are floating bones?

11-12

What are the kinds of bones?

Long Bones Short bones flat bones irregular bones sesamoid bones

Consists of Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Bone Marrow

Long bones

Cuboidal, Composed of Cancelous Bone and covered by Compact Bone

Short bones

Composed of Tables (outer compact bone) and Diploe (cancellous)

Flat bones

Includes those who are not assigned to the previous group

Irregular bones

Connected to tendons (bones)

Sesamoid bones

Example of long bones

Humerus emur

Example of short bones

Carpal Tarsal

Example of flat bones

Ribs Skull Sternum Scapulae

Example of Irregular bones

Vertebrae Ear ossicles Pelvic bone Hyoid Bone

Example of sesamoid bone

Patella

Name the classification of bones

Synarthroses Amphiarthroses Diarthroses

Also called synarthroses

fibrous joints

Also called amphiathroses

Cartilaginous joints

Also called Diarthroses

Synovial Joints

Non-movable/immovable joints, protective in nature. (joints)

Synarthroses or Fibrous joints

Other name for barely movable.

Gomphosis

Give examples Synarthroses or Fibrous joints

Teeth sutures epiphyseal plate

Slightly movable joints.

Amphiarthroses or Cartilaginous Joints

Example of Amphiarthroses or Cartilaginous Joints

Pubic Symphysis Vertebra Coastal Cartilage

Freely movable joints, composed of sleeve-like joint capsule.

Diarthroses or synovial Joints

Examples of Diarthroses or synovial Joints

Knee Shoulder joints

What movements are possible in Sagittal?

flexion and extension

What movements are possible in Coronal?

Abduction and Adduction

What movements are possible in transverse?

Rotatory movements

Enumerate the types of diarthrodial joints

Arthrodial Ginglymus Trochoid Condyloid Enarthrodial Sellar

2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other

Arthrodial (Gliding) Joints

Give example of arthrodial joints

Vertebral facets in spinal column, intercarpal & intertarsal joints

a uniaxial articulation, articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane

Ginglymus (Hinge) joint

Give example of ginglymus joint

Elbow, knee, talocrural (ankle)

a uniaxial articulation, turns in a bony ring.

Trochoid (Pivot) joint

Example of trochoid joint

atlantoaxial joint - odontoid

biaxial ball & socket joint, one bone with an oval concave surface received by another bone with an oval convex surface

Condyloid (Knuckle Joint)

Multiaxial or triaxial joint, bony rounded head fitting into a concave articular surface

Enarthrodial (ball & socket) Joint

unique triaxial joint, 2 reciprocally concave & convex articular surfaces

Sellar (Saddle) Joint

Components of skeletal system

Bones Cartilage Tendons Ligaments

How many bones are in the body?

206

How many bones in the axial skeleton?

How many bones are in the vertebral column?

How many bones in the thoracic cage?

How many bones in the pectoral girdle?

How many carpal bones?

How many tarsal bones?

How many phalanges are there?

How many metacarpal bones?

TOTAL appendicular skeleton bones?

126

Give all the bones in the hand.

Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Hamate Capitate

Give all the bones in the foot.

Calcaneus Talus Navicular Cuboid Medial Cuneiform Intermediate Cuneiform Lateral Cuneiform

What are the bones in the vertebral column?

Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum Coccyx

Two parts of the vertebral column?

Annulus Fibrosus (herniation) Nucleus Pulposus

Consists of two pairs of bones that attach the upper limb to the body

Pectoral girdle

A flat, triangular bone that can easily be seen and felt in a living person

Scapula

long bone with a slight sigmoid (S-shaped) curve. It is easily seen and felt in the living human

Clavicle

Anatomy and Physiology of Bones Flashcards

(96 cards)