Nervous System

Question 1

Brain

Answer 1

an organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity

Question 2

Spinal Cord

Answer 2

Runs from brain to your lower back. Carries nerve signals from brain to the rest of the body.

Question 3

Cranial nerves

Answer 3

pair of nerves that send information between the brain and the sense organs.

Question 4

autonomic nervous system

Answer 4

regulates involuntary physiologic processes (HR, BP, respirtaion, digestion, etc.)

Question 5

peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

nervous system that lies outside of the brain and spinal cord. Plays key role in sending info from the body to the brain and vice versa.

Question 6

dura mater

Answer 6

tough outermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.

Question 7

pia mater

Answer 7

delicate innermost membrane enveloping the brain and spinal cord.

Question 8

arachnoid mater

Answer 8

thin, transparent membrane surrounding the spinal cord like a lossely fitting sac.

Question 9

Broca’s area

Answer 9

region in frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere usually the left, of the brain with functions linked to speech production.

Question 10

medulla

Answer 10

connection betwee nthe brainstem and the spinal cord. Helps control vital processes.

Question 11

cerebellum

Answer 11

responsible for muscle control, including balance and movement.

Question 12

pons

Answer 12

links the brain to the spinal cord. Controls unconcious movement and processes.

Question 13

midbrain

Answer 13

top most part of the brainstem, the connection central between the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 14

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 14

ultrafiltrate of plasma contained within the ventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid spaces of the cranium and spine. Provides nourishment, waste removal, and protection to the brain.

Question 15

blood-brain barrier

Answer 15

a selective semi-permeable membrane between the blood and the interstitium of the brain, allowing cerebral blood vessels to regulate molecule and ion movement between the blood and the brain.

Question 16

hypothalamus

Answer 16

Brain structure that controls homeostasis.

Question 17

diencephalon

Answer 17

primary relay and processing center for sensory information and autonomic control.

Question 18

stroke

Answer 18

blocked artery of the brain.

Question 19

brainstem

Answer 19

structure that connects the cerebrum of the brain to the spinal cord and cerebellum. Composed of the midbrain, pons, and medulla.

Question 20

cerebral cortex

Answer 20

Brain structure that divides into four lobes: frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Responsible for higher-level processes.

Question 21

limbic system

Answer 21

Brain structure that processes emotions, behaviors, and motivations.

Question 22

Phineas Gage

Answer 22

Survived severe damage to the brain. First patient from which psychologists learned that damage to the frontal lobes may alter personality, emotions, and social interaction.

Question 23

acetylcholine

Answer 23

this is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that carries messages from your brian to your body through nerve cells.

Question 24

dopamine

Answer 24

chemical that acts on areas of the brain to give you feelings of pleasure, satisfaction, and motivation.

Question 25

GABA

Answer 25

the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in your central nervous system. GABA lessens the ability of a nerve cell to receive, create or send chemical messages to other nerve cells.

Question 26

glutamate

Answer 26

a neurotransmitter

Question 27

norepinephrine

Answer 27

both a neurotransmitter and a hormone. It plays an important role in your body's “fight-or-flight” response.

Question 28

serotonin

Answer 28

a neurotransmitter with an integral physiological role in the human body; it regulates various activities, including behavior, mood, memory, and gastrointestinal homeostasis.

Question 29

Central Nervous System

Answer 29

It consists of your brain and spinal cord. Your CNS collects information from your sensory nerves to process and respond to them. It regulates everything your body does.

Question 30

Somatic nervous system

Answer 30

a component of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. It is responsible for all the functions we know and can consciously influence, including moving our arms, legs, and other body parts.

Question 31

Neuroglia

Answer 31

large class of neural cells of ectodermal (astroglia, oligodendroglia, and peripheral glial cells) and mesodermal (microglia) origin. Provides homeostatic support, protection, and defense to the nervous tissue.

Question 32

astrocytes

Answer 32

a subtype of glial cells that make up the majority of cells in the human central nervous system (CNS). They perform metabolic, structural, homeostatic, and neuroprotective tasks such as clearing excess neurotransmitters, stabilizing and regulating the blood-brain barrier, and promoting synapse formation.

Question 33

Microglia

Answer 33

cells of mesodermal/mesenchymal origin that migrate into the CNS to become resident macrophages within the unique brain microenvironment

Question 34

Ependymal cells

Answer 34

ciliated glial cells that form an epithelial barrier, called the ependyma, lining the brain's ventricular system and the spinal cord's central canal

Question 35

oligodendrocytes

Answer 35

a glial cell similar to an astrocyte but with fewer protuberances, concerned with the production of myelin in the central nervous system.

Question 36

Schwann cells

Answer 36

glial cells that form the myelin sheath on axons outside the brain

Question 37

Satellite cells

Answer 37

a type of glia found in the peripheral nervous system, specifically in sensory, sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia.

Question 38

Dendrites

Answer 38

receive input from many other neurons and carry those signals to the cell body. If stimulated enough, a neuron fires an action potential

Question 39

Axon hillock

Answer 39

the region of a neuron that controls the initiation of an electrical impulse based on the inputs from other neurons or the environment

Question 40

Axon terminal

Answer 40

a specialized region at the end of an axon that contains finger-like projections. It is responsible for releasing neurotransmitters and is in close proximity to but not touching other nerves or effector cells, such as muscles

Question 41

Myelin

Answer 41

an insulating layer, or sheath that forms around nerves, including those in the brain and spinal cord. It is made up of protein and fatty substances.

Question 42

Nodes of Ranvier

Answer 42

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.

Question 43

Depolarization