Skeletal System

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body. In other words, the central core section of bones. (Ribs, Skull, Neck, Back, Chest)

Textbook: skull, vertebral column, thorax, and sternum.

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

Bones of limbs and girdles.

Textbook: bones of the limbs and limb girdles attched to the axial ske.

Question 3

Compact Bone

Answer 3

type of bone tissue that is dense and looks smooth.

Question 4

Spongy Bone

Answer 4

composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space.

Question 5

Long Bones

Answer 5

long bones that are mostly compact bone. As a rule, they have a shaft with heads at both ends. All bones of limbs are long bones (except for wrist and ankle).

Question 6

Short Bones

Answer 6

Generally square-shaped. Contain mostly spongy bone.

Question 7

Flat Bones

Answer 7

thin, flat, and usually curved. Possess two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone. Most bones of skill, the ribs, and the sternum are flat bones.

Question 8

Irregular Bones

Answer 8

Bones that don’t fit with other typings. The vertebrae, which make up the spinal column, and the hip bones fall into this group.

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

elongated shaft of a long bone.

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

Question 11

Epiphyseal Line

Answer 11

Remnant of the epiphyseal plate (aka the growth plate)

Epiphyseal plates occur in young growing bones.

Question 12

Hematoma

Answer 12

A pool of mostly clotted blood that forms in an organ, tissue, or body space. A hematoma is usually caused by a broken blood vessel that was damaged by surgery or an injury.

Blood vessels rupture when bone breaks. Blood swelling occurs.

Question 13

Cranium

Answer 13

The bone tinssue that encloses and protects the fragile brain.

Question 14

Occipital Bone

Answer 14

Posterior bone of cranium. Forms floor and backwall of skull.

Question 15

Vertebral Column

Answer 15

Word for Spine, spinal column.

Question 16

Vertebrae

Answer 16

Parts of the Spine. Of 24 single bones,
- 7 cervical vertebrae (neck)
- 12 thoracic vertebrae (upper)
- 5 lumbar vertebrae (lower)

Before birth, there are 33 bones called vertebrae, but some combine.

Question 17

Invertabral Discs

Answer 17

Pads of flexible fibrocartilage that separate a single vertebrae.
- cushion shock and provide spine flexibility.

Question 18

Cervical Vertebrae

Answer 18

Forms the neck region of the spine.

Question 19

Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 19

Upper spine

Question 20

Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 20

Lower back

Question 21

Sacrum

Answer 21

Formed from the fusion of 5 vertebrae.
- forms posterior wall of the pelvis.
- connects to the inferior coccyx.

Question 22

Coccyx

Answer 22

Formed by 3-5 tiny, irregularly shaped vertebrae.
- known as the “tailbone”

Question 23

Sternum

Answer 23

flat bone formed from fusion of 3 bones. It is attached to first 7 pairs of ribs.

Manubrium, Body, and Xiphoid process.

Question 24

Ribs

Answer 24

There are 12 pairs.
- the true ribs consist of first 7 pairs attached to sternum by costal cartilages.
- False ribs consist of the next 5 pairs attached indirectly or not attached to the sternum at all.

Question 25

Clavicle

Answer 25

Collarbone, doubly curved bone. - attaches to manubrium of the sternum medially and to the scapula laterally. - acts as a brace to hold the arm away from the top of the thorax and helps prevent shoulder dislocation. ## Footnote the whole shoulder region caves inward when collarbone breaks.

Question 26

Scapulae

Answer 26

Shoulder blades, triagular-shaped, and called the "wings" - flairs when we move our arms posteriorly. - flattened body and two important processes: acromion and coracoid processes.

Question 27

Humerus

Answer 27

the bone in your upper arm that's located between your elbow and your shoulder. Its main function is to provide support for your shoulder and a wide variety of movements for your arm.

Question 28

Radius

Answer 28

forearm bone. - in anatomical position, it is the lateral bone (the thumb side.

Question 29

Ulna

Answer 29

Forearm bone - in anatomical position, this is the medial bone (closer to pinky).

Question 30

Carpal Bones

Answer 30

Bones of the wrist that connect to the ulna and radius of the forearm. There are 8 of these bones.

Question 31

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 31

Bony structure located in lower trunk. - connects the axial to the lower limbs.

Question 32

Femur

Answer 32

Thighbone. - stabilizes body and helps move body weight.

Question 33

Tibia

Answer 33

The bigger shin bone medial to the fibula. - main function is to bear weight

Question 34

Fibula

Answer 34

smaller shin bone. laterel side to the tibia.