nervous system

Question 1

dendrites

Answer 1

branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons

Question 2

axon

Answer 2

long fiber that sends signals away from the neuron’s cell body

Question 3

cell body (soma)

Answer 3

contains the nucleus and most organelles. it integrates signals from dendrites

Question 4

chromatophilic substance

Answer 4

rough ER cluster that makes neurotransmitters

Question 5

astrocytes

Answer 5

CNS; maintain blood brain barrier, support neurons

Question 6

oligodendrocytes

Answer 6

CNS; myelinate axon in CNS

Question 7

schwann cells

Answer 7

PNS; myelinate axons in PNS

Question 8

Microglia

Answer 8

CNS; acts as immune cells; clean up debris

Question 9

ependymal cells

Answer 9

CNS; line ventricles; help circulate CSF
- ciliated

Question 10

unipolar

Answer 10

one process (common in sensory neurons)

Question 11

bipolar

Answer 11

one axon and one dendrite
(found in eye, ear, nose)

Question 12

multipolar

Answer 12

many dendrites, one axon
(most common; found in brain/spinal cord)

Question 13

sensory (afferent)

Answer 13

carry info to the CNS

Question 14

motor (efferent)

Answer 14

carry info from CNS to muscles/glands

Question 15

interneurons

Answer 15

connect neurons inside CNS; help process information

Question 16

epineurium

Answer 16

surrounds the entire nerve

Question 17

perineurium

Answer 17

surrounds each fascicle (group of axons)

Question 18

endoneurium

Answer 18

surrounds individual axons

Question 19

central nervous system

Answer 19

brain and spinal cord

Question 20

peripheral nervous system

Answer 20

cranial and spinal nerves

Question 21

PNS subdivisions

Answer 21

somatic NS
autonomic NS

Question 22

somatic NS

Answer 22

voluntary control (skeletal muscle)

Question 23

autonomic NS

Answer 23

involuntary (smooth and cardiac muscle, glands)

Question 24

sympathetic

Answer 24

“Fight or Flight”
- uses epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 25

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

"Rest and digest" - uses acetylcholine

Question 26

brain

Answer 26

1. cerebrum 2. cerebellum 3. brain stem

Question 27

Frontal lobe

Answer 27

prefrontal cortex precentral gyrus Broca's area

Question 28

prefrontal cortex

Answer 28

decision making, personality

Question 29

precentral gyrus

Answer 29

primary motor cortex (movement)

Question 30

Broca's area

Answer 30

speech production

Question 31

parietal lobe

Answer 31

postcentral gyrus: primary somatosensory cortex (touch)

Question 32

temporal lobe

Answer 32

auditory cortex - Wernicke's area: language comprehension

Question 33

occipital lobe

Answer 33

visual processing

Question 34

insula

Answer 34

involved in taste, emotion, and body awareness

Question 35

dienecephalon

Answer 35

- thalamus - hypothalamus - pituitary gland - pineal gland - mammillary bodies - corpus callosum - fornix & septum pellucidum - ventricles

Question 36

thalamus

Answer 36

relay station for sensory signals

Question 37

hypothalamus

Answer 37

regulates homeostasis, hunger, hormones

Question 38

pituitary gland

Answer 38

endocrine control

Question 39

pineal gland

Answer 39

secrete melatonin

Question 40

mammillary bodies

Answer 40

memory

Question 41

corpus callosum

Answer 41

connects the two hemispheres

Question 42

fornix & septum pellucidum

Answer 42

limbic system structures

Question 43

ventricles

Answer 43

fluid-filled spaces (CSF circulation)

Question 44

brain stem

Answer 44

- midbrain - pons - medulla oblongata - corpora quadrigemina - decussation of pyramids

Question 45

midbrain

Answer 45

reflexes

Question 46

pons

Answer 46

bridge between parts of brain

Question 47

medulla oblongata

Answer 47

controls heart rate, breathing

Question 48

corpora quadrigemina

Answer 48

superior colliculi > visual reflexes inferior colliculi > auditory reflexes

Question 49

decussation of pyramids

Answer 49

where motor fibers cross sides

Question 50

cerebellum

Answer 50

Arbor vitae: "tree of life", coordinates movement and balance

Question 51

meninges

Answer 51

brain coverings - dura mater - arachnoid mater - pia mater

Question 52

dura mater

Answer 52

tough outer layer

Question 53

arachnoid mater

Answer 53

middle, web-like

Question 54

pia mater

Answer 54

thin, innermost layer

Question 55

CSF flow

Answer 55

1. produced by choroid plexus in lateral ventricle 2. flows > 3rd > 4th ventricle 3. then around spinal cord + brain 4. reabsorbed into bloodstream

Question 56

hydrocephalus

Answer 56

CSF build-up causing pressure

Question 57

vegetative state

Answer 57

awake but unaware

Question 58

coma

Answer 58

unconscious and unaware

Question 59

what is an EEG used for?

Answer 59

- diagnose seizures - monitor brain death - study sleep disorders