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N60 MedSurg > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Speech area of the cerebrum

A

Broca’s Area

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2
Q

Language area of the cerebrum

A

Wernicke’s area

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3
Q

CN II, III, IV, and VI

A

Important for the assessment of the patient with a stroke

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4
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory:

Smell

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5
Q

CN II

A

Optic:

Central/Peripheral vision

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6
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor:
Motor to eye muscles
Pupil constriction

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7
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear:

Downward/Inward eye movement

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8
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal:
Sensations from skin of face to scalp; mucous membranes of mouth and nose
Mastication muscles

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9
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens:

Lateral eye movement

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10
Q

CN VII

A

Facial:

Face sensation and movement

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11
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear:
Hearing
Equalibrium

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12
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal:
Tongue/throat sensation
Muscles of throat

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13
Q

CN X

A

Vagus:
Sensations of ear and throat
Motor of throat
PNS abd viscera

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14
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory:

Muscles of throat and neck

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15
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal:

Skeletal muscles of tongue

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16
Q

Deep tendon reflexes

A

Biceps, Triceps, Brachoioradialis, Quadriceps, Achilles tendons are tested for this.

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17
Q

Abnormal posturing seen in the patient with lesions that interrupt the corticospinal pathways

A

decortication (inward)

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18
Q

Abnormal posturing and rigidity usually associated with dysfunction of the brainstem

A

decerebration (outward)

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19
Q

Patient is drowsy or sleep but is easily awakened

A

lethargic patient

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20
Q

Patient is arousable only with painful stimulation

A

stuporous patient

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21
Q

patient is unconscious and cannot be aroused

A

comatose patient

22
Q

Three broad categories of seizure disorders

A

Generalized Seizures
Partial Seizures
Unclassified Seizures

23
Q

Tonic-clonic seizure

A

lasts 2-5 minutes that begins with tonic phase (stiffening) and followed by clonic phase (jerking)

24
Q

Absence seizure

A

brief periods of LOC and blank staring

25
Q

Focal or local seizure that begins in a part of one cerebral hemisphere

A

Partial seizures

26
Q

Cranial nerves assessed for Meningitis

A

III, IV, VI, VII, VIII (sixth may indicate hydrocephalus)

27
Q

CN responsible for swallowing coordination

A

CN IX and X

28
Q

CN dysfunction for absent gag reflex

A

CN IX

29
Q

Length of time for a TIA

A

few minutes up to 24 hrs

30
Q

Two types of stroke

A

ischemic (occlusive)

hemorrhagic

31
Q

Most common artery involved in an embolic stroke

A

Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

32
Q

First manifestation of increased ICP

A

decreased LOC

33
Q

Only drug FDA approved for treatment of acute ischemic stroke

A

rtPA (Retavase)

34
Q

Window of eligibility for rtPA administration

A

3 hours from time that patient was last seen normal (LSN); may be up to 4.5 hours if eligible

35
Q

Dosage for rtPA

A

0.9mg/kg (max 90mg) over 60min w/ 10% of dose given as bolus over 1 minute

36
Q

The three parts of Cushing’s triad

A

Severe hypertension
Widened pulse pressure
Bradycardia

37
Q

Parts of the brain usually effected by TBI

A

frontal and temporal lobes

38
Q

Normal ICP

A

10-15 mmHG

39
Q

Three types of edema that cause increased ICP

A

vasogenic
cytotoxic
interstitial

40
Q

The pressure gradient over which the brain is perfused

A

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)

41
Q

Pressure limit for ICP

A

70mmHg

42
Q

Four major types of hemorrhage after TBI

A

Epidural
Subdural
Intracerebral
Subarachnoid

43
Q

Special symptom experienced by patients with epidural hematomas

A

“lucid intervals” that last for minutes followed by momentary unconsciousness

44
Q

Artery housed by temporal bone which often is the source of epidural hematomas when insulted

A

middle meningeal artery

45
Q

Medical intervention for epidural hematoma

A

emergency neurosurgery

46
Q

Pupil description indicative of brainstem dysfunction at the level of the pons

A

Pinpoint and nonresponsive pupils

47
Q

Pupil description indicative of herneation of the brain from increased ICP

A

Asymmetric, loss of light reaction, or unilateral/bilateral dilated pupils (until proven differently)

48
Q

Pupil reaction resulting from marked increase in ICP known as “blown pupils”

A

fixed and dilated

49
Q

Effect of CO2 on ICP

A

Increases ICP due to its very potent vasodilation effects

50
Q

Head positioning for patient with increased ICP

A

Midline and neutral head position

N60 MedSurg (3 decks)

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