NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

This system consists of the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

CNS

Question 2

This system consists of all other nervous tissue outside CNS

Answer 2

PNS

Question 3

This system contains a sensory receptor, an integrating centre, and an effector that responds to motor nerve impulses

Answer 3

Nervous System

Question 4

The 2 types of nervous tissues that are designed for communication

Answer 4

Neuroglia and Neurons

Question 5

This nervous tissue functions to support, nourish, protect, and multiple to fill spaces formerly occupied by neurons if injured or diseased

Answer 5

Neuroglia

Question 6

Nervous tissue that responds to a stimulus and converts it into an action potential, communicating in short or long distances travelling at different speeds

Answer 6

Neurons

Question 7

A cell of the neuroglia assisting the formation of the blood-brain barrier, providing nutrients and protection of the CNS

Answer 7

Astrocytes

Question 8

• A specialized barrier that prevents/protects the passage of material (harmful substances) from the blood and brain.
• This capillary is encircled by the astrocyte and astrocyte end feet

Answer 8

Blood-Brain Barrier

Question 9

A cell of the neuroglia that forms/maintains the myelin sheath of the CNS

Answer 9

Oilgodendeocytes

Question 10

A cell of the neuroglia is a phagocytotic cell, that removes debris/phagocytize microbes of the CNS

Answer 10

Microglia

Question 11

Cell lining the cavity of the brain and spinal cord (CNS), and produces/assist the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 11

Ependymal Cells

Question 12

A clear, colourless fluid that circulates the brain and spinal cord, protecting them from injury

Answer 12

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Question 13

Cell encircling the axons in the PNS, and form the myelin sheath and the regeneration of PNS axons

Answer 13

Schwann Cells

Question 14

According to the number of processes extending from the cell body of a neuron, it is classified as a?

Answer 14

Structural Classification

Question 15

This neuron structure has several dendrites and one axon.

Answer 15

Multipolar Neuron

Question 16

This neuron structure has one main dendrite and one axon

Answer 16

Bipolar Neuron

Question 17

Neuron structure with a peripheral axon with sensory receptors and a central axon with axon terminals. Found in the PNS

Answer 17

Unipolar

Question 18

According to the direction in which the AP is conducted with respect to the CNS, the neurons are classified as a??

Answer 18

Functional Classification

Question 19

• Majority of these neurons are unipolar and travel in the spinal and cranial nerves.
• Once activated by a stimulus, AP forms and prolongates along the axon and is carried into the CNS

Answer 19

Sensory Neurons (Afferent Neurons)

Question 20

• Multipolar neurons that transmit impulses from the CNS to effectors in the body periphery.
• AP propagates away from CNS to effectors(cells and organs)

Answer 20

Motor Neurons (Efferent Neurons)

Question 21

• A multipolar neuron that integrate and process info from sensory neurons, then a response is formed and relevant motor neurons are activated if required.
• These neurons complete the communication pathway between sensory and motor neurons; residing in the CNS.

Answer 21

Interneurons (Association Neurons)

Question 22

• The site of communication between two neurons or another type of cell.
• There are two types of communication sites

Answer 22

Synapses

Question 23

A fast, direct synapses of APs conducting directly between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells through gap junctions, allowing for the synchronization of function

Answer 23

Electrical Synapses

Question 24

A slow synapses of the release of neurotransmitter from post-synaptic neuron, diffusing across the synaptic cleft, binding to the post-synaptic neuron

Answer 24

Chemical Synapses

Question 25

A chemical synapses with the continuation of the AP is more likely, if the neurotransmitter is?

Answer 25

Excitatory

Question 26

A chemical synapses with the continuation of the AP is less likely, if the neurotransmitter is?

Answer 26

Inhibitory

Question 27

Where axons extend through the ventral root then the spinal nerve to innervate skeletal muscles

Answer 27

Somatic Motor Neurons

Question 28

Neurons in the lateral horn, pass through the lateral gray horn, anterior gray horn, and the anterior root to enter spinal cord, innervating cardiac muscles, smooth muscles or glands

Answer 28

Autonomic Motor Neurons

Question 29

What is the primary energy substrate for the nervous system?

Answer 29

Glucose

Question 30

Where does the nervous system gather glucose?

Answer 30

Blood or Neuroglial Cells

Question 31

In the PNS, damage to dendrites and myelinated axons can be repaired if the cell body is _______ and Schwann cells are _______.

Answer 31

Intact and Active

Question 32

Little or no repair of damaged neurons occurs in what NS?

Answer 32

CNS