NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
1
Q
Where is the central nervous system found?
A
inside the skull and vertebral column
2
Q
What make up the CNS?
A
cerebral hemisphere
3
Q
2 parts to the cerebral hemisphere
A
cerebrum
4
Q
3 parts to brain stem
A
midbrain
5
Q
found outside the skull and vertebral column
A
peripheral nervous sytem
6
Q
make up the PNS
A
spinal and cranial nerves
7
Q
number of spinal nerves
A
31 pair
8
Q
cervical nerves
A
8
9
Q
thoracic nerves
A
12
10
Q
lumbar nerves
A
5
11
Q
sacral nerves
A
5
12
Q
coccygeal
A
1
13
Q
number of cranial nerves
A
12 pair
14
Q
cranial nerve VI
A
abducens nerve
15
Q
collection of NERVE CELL BODIES associated w/peripheral nerves and located outside the CNS
A
ganglia
16
Q
what do sensory ganglia consist of?
A
pseudounipolar
17
Q
what do sensory ganglia in the cochlea consist of?
A
bipolar
18
Q
what are cranial nerves associated with?
A
cerebral hemisphere
19
Q
what are CN III to CN X and CN XII associated with?
A
brain stem
20
Q
what is CN XI associated with?
A
spinal cord (upper)
21
Q
2 types of sensory ganglia
A
spinal ganglia
22
Q
2 types of autonomic, motor or visceral ganglia
A
sympathetic
23
Q
what make up autonomic, motor, or visceral ganglia?
A
multipolar neurons
24
Q
3 types of cranial nerves in the PNS
A
sensory
25
1 type of spinal nerve in the PNS
mixed sensory and motor
26
what does dorsal mean?
back, posterior
27
what does ventral mean?
front, anterior
28
3 parts of the cochlea ganglion
spiral ganglion - bipolar
29
what type of neurons are found in the spinal cord?
multipolar neurons
30
What matter contains the nerve cell bodies and synapses?
gray matter
31
what matter consists of axons which form tracts
white matter
32
3 columns in spinal cord
dorsal column/furniculus
33
T/F. Cord gets smaller caudally (towards tail).
TRUE
34
T/F. White matter increases at lower levels.
False. White matter decreases.
35
shape of cervical segments
large and oval
36
shape of lumbar and sacral segments
smaller, rounder
37
where is gray matter larger due to number of nerve cells associated with innervation of the limbs?
C4-T1
38
what contains the bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neruons
lateral horn
39
2 columns in the dorsal/posterior column
f. gracilis
40
what is the dorsal/postior horns function
sensory
41
sensory horn
involves the relay of sensory information (2nd order sensory neuron)
42
type of cell bodies in dorsal horn
mulitpolar neuron cell bodies
43
where do the sensory horns send their axons to?
higher levels in the CNS
44
part of the gray matter that contains preganglionic cell bodies of the sympathetic nervous system
lateral horn
45
column in the lateral horn
intermediolateral cell column
46
where is the lateral horn found
thoracic and upper lumbar spinal cord segments
47
what do the ventral or anterior horn contain?
motor horn
48
2 types of motor neurons in the motor horn
alpha motor neurons
49
alpha motor neurons
send axons to extrafusal skeletal msucles (lower motor neurons)
50
gamma motor neurons
innervate intrafusal muscle fibers/cells of the neuromuscular spindle
51
3 parts to white matter
dorsal column
52
what does the lateral column contain?
ascending sensory nerve fibers (tracts)
53
what does the dorsal column contain?
ascending nerve cell processes w/cell bodies located in dorsal root ganglia
54
what does the ventral column contain?
ascending sensory nerve fibers
55
somatic nerve fibers of the peripheral nerves
relation to body wall and limbs
56
where are somatic nerve fibers found?
cranial and spinal nerves
57
where are somatic sensory fiber nerve cell bodies located?
cranial and spinal sensory ganglia
58
what is the function of somatic sensory fiber?
carry sensory nerves to and from skin, skeletal muscle, and joints
59
what is the function of somatic motor fibers?
voluntary control of skeletal muscle
60
where are motor nerve cell bodies located?
central nervous system (brain stem and spinal cord)
61
what does visceral imply?
relation to the organs of body cavities - can include blood vessels and glands that lie outside the body cavities
62
where are visceral nerve fibers found?
crainal and spinal nerves
63
visceral sensory fibers...
sensory nerves from the viscera (heart, lungs, GI tract, urinary system, blood vessels)
64
visceral motor fibers..
make up the autonomic nervous system
65
what do visceral motor fibers do?
control involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
66
2 subdivisions of the ANS
sympathetic nervous system
67
where are visceral motor fiber cell bodies found
autonomic ganglia
68
contains sensory or afferenet nerve fibers relative to the spinal cord
dorsal (posterior) root aka sensory root
69
what type of neurons are found in dorsal roots?
pseudounipolar neurons
70
contain motor or efferent nerve fibers relative to the spinal cord
ventral (anterior) roots
71
where are cell bodies that send their axons through ventral roots found?
ventral and lateral horns of spinal cord
72
what forms the spinal nerve?
the ventral root joining the dorsal root
73
2 types of spinal nerves
dorsal (posterior) primary ramus
74
supplies muscular and cutaneous branches to the deep muscles and skin of back and posterior head
dorsal primary ramus
75
supplies muscular and cutaneous branches to the skin and skeletal muscles of the lateral and anterior aspects of the trunk, skin, and muscles of the limbs
ventral primary ramus
76
T/F. Cranial nerves have dorsal and ventral roots and dorsal/ventral rami.
False. only spinal nerves have them.
77
Five cranial nerves have ____
sensory ganglia
78
Tirgeminal:
CN V
79
facial
CN VII
80
Vestibulocochlear
CN VIII
81
Clossopharyngeal:
CN IX
82
Vagus
CN X
83
3 cranial nerves have ____
motor ganglia (parasympathetic ganglia)
84
3 cranial nerves w/motor ganglia
oculomotor
85
2 types of ganglia assocaited with cranial nerves
1. sensory
86
What type of neurons do parasympathetic ganglia have?
multipolar
