Nervous System Flashcards
(26 cards)
Integration
Interpretation of sensory information (information processing); complex (higher order functions)
Motor
Response to information processed through stimulation of effectors
- muscle contraction
- glandular secretion
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
All the neutral tissue order CNS Afferent division (sensory output) Efferent division (motor output)
Central nervous system (CNS)
Brain
Spinal cord
PNS
Autonomic division of the nervous system can be subdivided into 2 division:
1) parasympathetic: decreases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood glucose, blood to skeletal muscle. Increases digestion, pupil size, urinary output
2) Sympathetic: decreases digestion, pupil size, urinary output. Increases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood glucose, blood to skeletal muscle
“Fight or flight”
Autonomic
Cranial and spinal nerves connecting CNS to heart, stomach, intestines, and glands
Controls unconscious activities
Somatic
Cranial and spinal nerves connecting CNS to skin and skeletal muscles
Oversees conscious activities
Sympathetic
Decreases digestion, pupil size, urinary output
Increases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood glucose,McLeod to skeletal muscle, pupil size, “fight or flight”.
Parasympathetic
Decreases heart rate, bronchiole dilation, blood to skeletal muscle, bladder, and blood glucose. Increases digestion, pupil size, urinary output. “Rest and digest”
Sensory
Monitors internal and external environment through presence of receptors
Neurons
For processing, transfer, and storage of information
Neuroglia
For support, regulation and protection of neurons
Study neuron structure
Okay
Anaxonic neurons
No anatomical clues to determine axons from dendrites
Functions unknown
Multipolar neuron
Multiple dendrites and single axon.
Most common type
Bipolar neuron
Two processes coming off cell body - one dendrite and one axon
Only found in eye, ear and nose
Unipolar neuron
Single processing come off cell body, giving rise to dendrites (at one end) and axon (making up rest of process)
Sensory (afferent) neurons
Transit sensory information from receptions of PNS towards the CNS
Most sensory neurons are unipolar, a few are bipolar
Motor (efferent) neurons
Transmit motor information from CNS to effectors (muscle/glands/adipose tissue) in the periphery of the body
All are multipolar
Association (inter neurons)
Transmit information between neurons with the CNS; analyze inputs, coordinate outputs
Are the most common type of neuron
Are all multipolar
Glial cells
Glial cells, sometimes called neuroglia or simply glia (Greek γλία and γλοία “glue”; pronounced in English as either /ˈɡliːə/ or /ˈɡlaɪə/), are non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.
Schwann cells
Creates myelin sheath around most axons of PNS
Oligodenrocytes
Create myelin sheath around axons of neurons in the CNS. Myelinated axons transmit impulses faster than unmyelinated axons
Myelin and myelin sheath, what do they do?
The insulating envelope of myelin that surrounds the core of a nerve fiber or axon and that facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses, formed from the cell membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nervous system and from oligodendroglia cells. Also called medullary sheath .
