Nervous System

Question 1

nervous system

Answer 1

the network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.

Question 2

sensory input

Answer 2

stimuli that is perceived by our senses like smell, sight, touch, taste, and hearing

Question 3

integration

Answer 3

the action or process of integrating

Question 4

central nervous system

Answer 4

the complex of nerve tissues that controls the activities of the body.

Question 5

peripheral nervous system

Answer 5

the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 6

somatic nervous system

Answer 6

the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with skeletal muscle voluntary control of body movements

Question 7

autonomic nervous system

Answer 7

the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes.

Question 8

neuroglia

Answer 8

non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems.

Question 9

astrocytes

Answer 9

are characteristic star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 10

microglia

Answer 10

glial cells derived from mesoderm that function as macrophages (scavengers) in the central nervous system and form part of the reticuloendothelial system.

Question 11

ependymal cells

Answer 11

These cells line the CSF-filled ventricles in the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord.

Question 12

oligodendrocytes

Answer 12

the myelinating cells of the central nervous system

Question 13

Schwann cells

Answer 13

any of the cells in the peripheral nervous system that produce the myelin sheath around neuronal axons.

Question 14

satellite cells

Answer 14

are precursors to skeletal muscle cells, able to give rise to satellite cells or differentiated skeletal muscle cells

Question 15

neurons

Answer 15

a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; a nerve cell.

Question 16

dendrites

Answer 16

a short branched extension of a nerve cell, along which impulses received from other cells at synapses are transmitted to the cell body.

Question 17

axons

Answer 17

the long threadlike part of a nerve cell along which impulses are conducted from the cell body to other cells.

Question 18

axon hillock

Answer 18

s a specialized part of the cell body (or soma) of a neuron that connects to the axon

Question 19

axon terminals

Answer 19

are separated from neighboring neurons by a small gap called a synapse, across which impulses are sent.

Question 20

myelin

Answer 20

a mixture of proteins and phospholipids forming a whitish insulating sheath around many nerve fibers, increasing the speed at which impulses are conducted.

Question 21

nodes of Ranvier

Answer 21

a gap in the myelin sheath of a nerve, between adjacent Schwann cells.

Question 22

depolarization

Answer 22

loss of the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the plasma membrane of a muscle or nerve cell due to a change in permeability and migration of sodium ions to the interior

Question 23

action potential

Answer 23

caused when different ions cross the neuron membrane

Question 24

repolarization

Answer 24

refers to the change in membrane potential that returns it to a negative value just after the depolarization phase of an action potential has changed the membrane potential to a positive value.

Question 25

cerebrum

Answer 25

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body.

Question 26

parietal lobe

Answer 26

either of the paired lobes of the brain at the top of the head, including areas concerned with the reception and correlation of sensory information.

Question 27

frontal lobe

Answer 27

located at the front of the brain, is one of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex in the mammalian brain.

Question 28

occipital lobe

Answer 28

the rearmost lobe in each cerebral hemisphere of the brain.

Question 29

temporal lobe

Answer 29

each of the paired lobes of the brain lying beneath the temples, including areas concerned with the understanding of speech.

Question 30

gray matter

Answer 30

major component of the central nervous system, consisting of neuronal cell bodies, neuropil (dendrites and myelinated as well as unmyelinated axons), glial cells (astroglia and oligodendrocytes), synapses, and capillaries.

Question 31

cerebral white matter

Answer 31

result in focal neurobehavioral syndromes, neuropsychiatric phenomena, and dementia

Question 32

cerebellum

Answer 32

the part of the brain at the back of the skull in vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.