Nervous System

Question 1

What does the nervous system do? what is it made up of?

Answer 1

made up of highly specialized cells; produce and conduct electrical messages (nerve impulses)
connects individual with their internal and external world

Question 2

What is the function of a neuron?

Answer 2

transmits neural impulses to muscle, glands and other neurons

Question 3

what are the three types of neuron?

Answer 3

sensory
motor
interneuron

Question 4

Interneuron

Answer 4

takes a bipolar structure.
receives signals from sensory neurons and sends impulses to other interneurons or motor neurons.
Only found in brain, eyes, spinal cord

Question 5

Sensory neuron

Answer 5

takes a unipolar structure

transmits impulses from receptors to the nervous sytsem

Question 6

Motor neurons

Answer 6

takes a multipolar structure

carry outgoing signals for movement

Question 7

what are the components of the neuron?

Answer 7

cell body/soma
dendrites
axon
myelin
synaptic terminals
synapse

Question 8

what is the soma?

Answer 8

Large egg shaped structure, provides fuel, manufacture chemicals, maintains

Question 9

what are dendrites?

Answer 9

Project from the cell body in branch structure

receive neural impulses from adjacent neurons

Question 10

what is an axon?

Answer 10

Slender tube that extends from the soma
transmits messages to other neurons
can be meters long
can be myelin coated to speed up transmission

Question 11

what are myelin coated neurons

Answer 11

neurons that have fat coated axons
peripheral nerves (sensory and motor)

Question 12

What is a synaptic terminal?

Answer 12

small swellings at the end of the branched axon

Question 13

what is a synapse?

Answer 13

the gap from one neuron to another

Question 14

what are nerves?

Answer 14

a bundle of elongated axons belonging to thousands of neurons

Question 15

what is a ganglion?

Answer 15

cell bodies outside of the brain and spinal cord

Question 16

what is a nucleus?

Answer 16

cell bodies of the brain and spinal cord

Question 17

what is Action potential

Answer 17

information that travel along neuron activating sodium and potassium channels allowing movement of ions in and out

Question 18

what are ion channels?

Answer 18

chemical gates on the axon membrane that open to allow electronically charged particles to enter

Question 19

what are ion pumps?

Answer 19

protein structures that maintain even distribution of ions across the cell.
positive on outside
negative on inside

Question 20

what are neurotransmitters

Answer 20

more than 70 different chemicals produces by neurons that have different effect on different receptors. primary way messages are transmitted throughout NS

Question 21

what effects can exercise have on the nervous system?

Answer 21

can effect sleep, mood, pain perception

Question 22

what is the central nervous system?

Answer 22

Made up of the brain, brainstem and spinal cord
command post of the body
senses, processes, stores and responds to info
regulates and integrates bodily functions

Question 23

what does the spinal cord do?

Answer 23

receives and transmits neurons from the brain to the periphery and vice versa
Afferent signals travel via dorsal horn
efferent signals travel via ventral horn

Question 24

What is an efferent signal?

what is an afferent signal

Answer 24

efferent= motor
afferent= sensory

Question 25

what is the brainstem?

Answer 25

located at the top of spinal column regulates life support systems, effects behavior and mood consists of medulla, pons, midbrain

Question 26

what is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 26

all neurons outside of CNS nerves that extend from spinal cord carry messages to and from muscle glandes and sensory organs. consists of: somatic, autonomatic

Question 27

what is the somatic part of the PNS?

Answer 27

regulates voluntary movement of skeletal muscles | nerves contain afferent and efferent signals that connect to sensory receptors and muscles

Question 28

what is the autonomic system?

Answer 28

Controls survival functions, involuntary muscles contains sympathetic NS Parasympathetic NS eletronic NS

Question 29

what is the sympathetic system

Answer 29

Involved in arousal and energy expenditure triggered by threats increases: HR, blood flow, blood sugar, adrenaline, slows digestion

Question 30

What is the parasympathetic system?

Answer 30

Reverses sympathetic effects maintains the body to a calmer state conserves energy regulates elimination of waste products slows HR, stimulates digestion

Question 31

What is central fatigue?

Answer 31

A form of impairment that effects the NS | brain becomes unable to send enough signals impairing performance

Question 32

what causes central fatigue?

Answer 32

the brain overheating

Question 33

what is the process of heat entering or leaving the brain?

Answer 33

Cerebral perfusion