Nervous System

Question 1

Communications are between which 2 cells?

Answer 1

• distinctive cells

- muscle cells

Question 2

distinctive cells

Answer 2

neurons that pass info using electrical nerve impulses

Question 3

muscle cells

Answer 3

carry out function by their ability to contract

Question 4

CNS has 2 parts…

Answer 4

• spinal cords

- brain

Question 5

spinal cord

Answer 5

connects PNS to brain

-encased in bony structure of vertebrae

Question 6

brain

Answer 6

integrates sensory info received from internal and external environment and assembles motor response

Question 7

frontal lobe

Answer 7

responsible for short term and working memory and information processing as well as decision-making, planning, and judgement

Question 8

parietal lobe

Answer 8

sensory lobe and spatial positioning of body (located on back and top of head)

Question 9

occipital lobe

Answer 9

visual input, processing, and output

Question 10

temporal lobes

Answer 10

responsible for auditory input, processing, and output

Question 11

cerebellum

Answer 11

role in processing/storing of implicit memories

-balance and coordination

Question 12

midbrain

Answer 12

important part of vision and hearing

Question 13

brainstems include

Answer 13

• midbrain
• pons
• medulla oblongata

Question 14

PNS

Answer 14

has nerves and ganglia throughout body

Question 15

afferent

Answer 15

TOWARDS spinal cord and brain

Question 16

efferent

Answer 16

AWAY from spinal cords and brain

Question 17

hypothalamus

Answer 17

(above midbrain)

- controls ANS through brain stem

Question 18

spinal nerves

Answer 18

are like the many sideroads and alley that go to every part of the body (NOT CNS)

Question 19

peripheral motor nerves sends…

Answer 19

efferent impulses—> which leads to somatic and automatic division carry out response

Question 20

somatic nervous system

Answer 20

-controls 5 senses and voluntary movement of skeletal muscle

Question 21

efferent nerves

Answer 21

brings signals from CNS TO sensory organs and muscles

Question 22

afferent nerves

Answer 22

brings signals FROM sensory organs and muscles —> CNS

Question 23

cell body

Answer 23

main part of cell containing nucleus and most organelles

Question 24

nerve fibers

Answer 24

extend from body

- bundle of nerve cells (neurons) that pass on electrical signals (impulse) to the brain

Question 25

dendrites

Answer 25

receptors extension that RECEIVES NERVE IMPULSES

Question 26

axon

Answer 26

long singular tail-like extension | - sends impulses from neuron body to branching axon terminal

Question 27

synapse

Answer 27

allows neurons to pass signals on to other neurons, muscles, or glands

Question 28

spinal nerves...what does it contain?

Answer 28

bundle of nerve fibers that contain both afferent and efferent impulses

Question 29

glial cell

Answer 29

- provide support, nutrients, insulations, and help with signal transmission in nervous system - immunoprotective/ scaffolding (a structure used to hold up or support other structure) for other nerve cells

Question 30

astrocyte

Answer 30

provide nutrients to neurons and clear out metabolites - exchange of materials between neurons an capillary - most abundant

Question 31

ectoderm

Answer 31

germ layer, or tissue layer, that forms in an animal embryo during development - give rise to CNS and PNS

Question 32

endoderm

Answer 32

the innermost layer of cells or tissue of an embryo in early development - give rise to EPITHELIAL LINING of GI and respiratory tract

Question 33

mesoderm

Answer 33

middle layer of embryo in early development | - give rise to CONNECTIVE TISSUE, STRIATED and SMOOTH, GONADS, etc

Question 34

microglial

Answer 34

immune defense against invading microorganism

Question 35

ependymal cells

Answer 35

create, secrete, and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 36

oligodendrocytes

Answer 36

produce an insulating barrier called myelin sheath

Question 37

satellite cell

Answer 37

surround neurons and cell bodies

Question 38

schwann cells

Answer 38

insulate, help form myelin sheath

Question 39

medulla oblongata

Answer 39

involuntary controls- controls heart and lungs

Question 40

corpus callosum

Answer 40

connections between 2 lobes | - responsible for transmitting neural messages between the right and left hemisphere

Question 41

hippocampus

Answer 41

memory storage

Question 42

neurotransmitter

Answer 42

a chemical substance that is released from the AXON TERMINAL by the arrival of a nerve impulse - causes transfer of impulse - diffuse across synapse

Question 43

acetylcholine

Answer 43

- neurotransmitter | - causes muscle to CONTRACT

Question 44

dopamine

Answer 44

- neurotransmitter | - formed from epinephrine (adenaline)

Question 45

cerebrum

Answer 45

anterior to brain

Question 46

thalamus

Answer 46

relays sensory information; pain perception

Question 47

hippocampus

Answer 47

emotion, memory, ANS

Question 48

amygdala

Answer 48

emotions