Nervous System

Question 1

The nervous system is composed of which two parts

Answer 1

CNS & PNS

Question 2

CNS is comprised of what?

Answer 2

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 3

PNS is comprised of what?

Answer 3

only nerves and connects brain and spinal cord (CNS) to the rest of the body

Question 4

Made up of three primary systems. The skeletal system (bones and joints), the muscular system (ligaments, tendons, muscles, and fascia) and the nervous system (peripheral and central nerves).

Answer 4

the kinetic chain (human movement system)

Question 5

communication network within the human body

Answer 5

nervous system

Question 6

Sensory function

Answer 6

senses changes in internal and external environment

Question 7

Integrative function

Answer 7

analyze and interpret sensory information and make proper decisions

Question 8

Motor function

Answer 8

Neuromuscular response to sensory information

Question 9

secreted by the pancreas; regulate blood glucose for use by all bodily cells for energy production.

Answer 9

insulin and glucagon

Question 10

testosterone and estrogen

Answer 10

sex hormones.

testosterone= muscle growth

Question 11

growth hormone

Answer 11

secreted by the pituitary gland, responsible for stimulating growth during puberty.

Question 12

cortisol

Answer 12

hormone released in times of stress and stimulates tissue breakdown for ready source of energy

Question 13

neuron

Answer 13

function unit of the nervous system

Question 14

Sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 14

nerve cell that conducts impulses to CNS from sense organ. “Arrives”

Question 15

Interneurons

Answer 15

sends nerve impulses between one another

Question 16

Motor (efferent) neurons

Answer 16

sends nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to muscles or glands

Question 17

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues

Answer 17

Mechanoreceptors

Question 18

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change.

Answer 18

Muscle spindles

Question 19

Mechanoreceptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change.

Answer 19

Golgi tendon organs

Question 20

Mechanoreceptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint.

Answer 20

Joint receptors

Question 21

skeletal system

Answer 21

body’s framework. composed of bones and joints

Question 22

bones

Answer 22

structures that provide resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs

Question 23

joints

Answer 23

junctions of bones and connective tissues; where muscles cause movement to occur

Question 24

portion of skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Answer 24

Axial skeleton

Question 25

portion of skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

Answer 25

Appendicular skeleton

Question 26

remodeling

Answer 26

the process of resorption and formation of bone

Question 27

osteoclasts

Answer 27

type of bone cell that removes bone tissue (resportion)

Question 28

osteoblasts

Answer 28

type of cell that is responsible for bone formation (build)

Question 29

epiphysis

Answer 29

the end of long bones. houses much of the red marrow involved in red blood cell production; one of the primary sites for bone growth

Question 30

diaphysis

Answer 30

shaft portion of a long bone

Question 31

epiphyseal plate

Answer 31

the region of long bone connecting the diaphysis to the epiphysis where growth in the length of the diaphysis occurs; the growth plate

Question 32

A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps all bone except the articulating surfaces in joints

Answer 32

periosteum

Question 33

medullar cavity

Answer 33

central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored

Question 34

articular (hyaline) cartilage

Answer 34

cartilage that covers the articular surface of bones

Question 35

depressions

Answer 35

flattened or indented portions of bone which can be muscle attachment sites

Question 36

processes

Answer 36

Projections protruding from the bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach.

Question 37

a series of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

Answer 37

vertebral column

Question 38

arthrokinematics

Answer 38

joint motion

Question 39

synovial joints

Answer 39

Joints held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement; produce synovial fluid to lubricate joints

Question 40

Joints that do not have a joint cavity, capsule, connective tissue, or cartilage.

Answer 40

non-synovial joints

Question 41

ligaments

Answer 41

Fibrous tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitation of improper joint movement

Question 42

A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle

Answer 42

epimysium

Question 43

perimysium

Answer 43

the connective tissues that surrounds fascicles

Question 44

endomysium

Answer 44

deepest later of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers

Question 45

tendons

Answer 45

Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force.

Question 46

sarcomere

Answer 46

The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin (thin) and myosin (thick) filaments

Question 47

neural activation

Answer 47

the contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation

Question 48

motor unit

Answer 48

a motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it connects to

Question 49

neurotransmitters

Answer 49

Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle.

Question 50

stabilizers

Answer 50

support joints during movements

Question 51

antagonist

Answer 51

opposition to the agonists on opposite sides of joint. opposite to prime mover

Question 52

synergist

Answer 52

help the primer movers. works with them.

Question 53

agonist

Answer 53

prime mover for a movement. provides main source of force.

Question 54

4 roles a muscle can play

Answer 54

agonist, synergist, antagonist, stabilizer

Question 55

skeletal muscle (type I)

Answer 55

slow-twitch. | more resistant to fatigue for endurance

Question 56

skeletal muscle (type II)

Answer 56

fast-twitch. | contract fast to generate more power.