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Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

What are the nervous systems three broad functions?

A

Sensory
Integrative
Motor

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1
Q

One of the body’s principal control and integrating centers, and the other is the endocrine system.

A

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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2
Q

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system cns

The peripheral nervous system pns

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3
Q

What is the central nervous system made up of?

A

Brain and spinal cord

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4
Q

All nerve tissue outside of the spinal cord and brain are part of what system?
- NERVES THAT CONNECT THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD (Cns) WITH RECEPTORS, MUSCLES AND GLANDS

A

Peripheral nervous system pns

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5
Q

What are the two types of cells found in the nervous system?

A

Neurons

Neuroglia

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6
Q

Highly specialized cells for nerve impulse conduction and for all special functions attributed to the nervous system: thinking, controlling, activity, and regulating glands.

Not capable of mitosis

A

Neurons

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7
Q

What are the three basic parts of each neuron?

A

The cell body (soma)
One or more dendrites
Single axon

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8
Q

What are neurons classified as?

A

Afferent, efferent, or interneurons

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9
Q
  • or sensory, neurons carry impulses from peripheral sense receptors to the CNS
  • are the first cells to pick up incoming information
A

Afferent neurons

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10
Q
  • or motor, neurons transmit impulses from the cns to the effector organs such as muscles and glands
  • nerve cells within the efferent systems
A

Efferent neurons

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11
Q

Are located entirely within the cns in which they form the connecting link between the afferent and efferent neurons

A

Interneurons

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12
Q

-are afferent processes that transmits impulses to the neuron cell body.

A

Dendrites

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13
Q

What projects from the cell body and is an efferent process that carries impulses away from the cell body

A

Axon

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14
Q

Are the distal ends of the telodendria that are slightly enlarged to form what ?

A

Synaptic bulbs

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15
Q

Some axons are wrapped in a myelin sheath formed from the plasma membranes of specialized glial cells known as

A

Schwann cells

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16
Q

Are connective tissues cells that do not conduct nerve impulses, but instead, they support and nourish and protect the neurons.

A

Neuroglias

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17
Q

A cordlike structure consisting of a collections of nerve fibers (neurons) that convey impulses

A

Nerve

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18
Q

Is the control center for the entire nervous system and consists of the brain and spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

Cns

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19
Q

What three parts is the brain divided into

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
And brain stem

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20
Q

What is the structure that divides the cerebrum into two hemispheres

A

Corpus Callosum

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21
Q

Is a region of the brain that plays an important role in the integration of sensory perception and motor output.

A

Cerebellum

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22
Q

Each hemisphere is divided into four lobes? What are they

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital

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23
Q

Is continuous with the spinal cord, it is composed of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the midbrain

  • it relays information from the body to the brain and vice versa
  • regulates the cardiovascular system, pain respiration, pain sensitivity, alertness and consciousness
A

Brain stem

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24
Is a cylindrical bundle of nerves that is slightly flattened anteriorly and posteriorly
Spinal cord
25
The spinal cord is composed of what matter?
Gray and white matter
26
Is where the cell bodies located, is found in the central portion of the spinal cord.
Gray matter
27
Where the axons of the spinal cord are located
White matter
28
The brain and spinal cord are covered by three layers of tissue known collectively as the
The meninges
29
What are the three layers of the meninges
Pia mater Arachnoid mater Dura mater
30
Inner most layer of the meninges | -it closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord
Pia mater
31
A layer that has a spider web appearance | -it serves to cushion the cns
Arachnoid layer
32
The thicker most outer layer of the meninges.
Dura mater
33
Associated with motor skills (including speech) and cognitive functions (reasoning, planning emotion)
Frontal lobe
34
Associated with sensory processing and understanding language,.
Parietal lobe
35
Associated with visual processing
Occipital lobe
36
Is with in the cerebrum and continuos with the mid brain (brain stem) Includes the thalamus and hypothalamus
The diencephalon
37
Is involved in relaying motor and sensory information to the cerebral cortex as well as regulating consciousness sleep and alertness
The thalamus
38
Regulates thirst, hunger, body temperature, and the circadian rhythm. ( the body's 24 hour biological cycle) - it also connects with and controls the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
39
Consists of nerve cells that convey information from receptors in the periphery of the body to the cns
Afferent system
40
Consist of nerve cells that convey information from the cns to the muscles and glands. It is divided into the somatic and the autonomic nervous systems
Efferent systems
41
Consists of efferent neurons that conduct impulses from the cns to the skeletal muscle tissue. It is under conscious control and therefore is considered voluntary
Somatic nervous system
42
Contains efferent neurons that convey impulses from the central nervous system to smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, and glands
Autonomic nervous system
43
-stimulates some visceral action and inhibits others. Stimulates heartbeat, raises BP, dilates pupils, dilates the trachea and bronchi, stimulates the conversion of liver glycogen into glucose, shunts blood away from the skin and to the viscera to the skeletal muscles, brain, and heart
Sympathetic nervous system
44
Slowing down of the heart beat, lowering of BP, constriction of pupils , increased blood flow to the skin and viscera, peristalsis of the GI Tract
Parasympathetic nervous system
45
The junction between a nerve cell and another cell
Synapse
46
The space between two cells is known as
Synaptic cleft
47
Name three types of neurotransmitters
Acetylcholine, norepinephrine, dopamine
48
-there are 12 pairs, and designated with roman numerals and names. Pns Olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
Cranial nerves
49
True or false There are 31pairs of spinal nerves that branch off the spinal cord: 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1coccygeal.
True!!!!
50
Networks on either side of the body created by the grouping of adjacent nerves
Plexus
51
First four cervical nerves (c1-c4) with contributions from c5
Cervical plexus
52
Formed by the spinal nerves c5-c8 and t1 | - it constitutes the entire nerve supply for the upper extremity and part of the shoulder region
Brachial plexus
53
Supplies the deltoid and TERES minor muscles
Axillary nerve
54
Supplies the flexors of the arm and forearm
Musculocutaneous nerve
55
Supplies the muscles on the posterior aspect of the arm and forearm
Radial nerve
56
Supplies most of the muscles of the anterior forearm and some of the muscles in the palm of the hand
Median nerve
57
Supplies the anteromedial muscles of the forearm and most of the muscles of the palm of the hand
Ulnar nerve
58
Spinal nerves L1-L4
Lumbar plexus
59
Spinal nerves L4,L5, and s1-s4. It supplies the buttocks, perineum and much of the lower extremities.
Sacral plexus
60
The largest nerve arising from the sacral plexus and the largest nerve in the body. It supplies the entire musculature of the leg and foot
Sciatic nerve
61
Spinal nerve T2-T11, do not enter into the formation of the plexuses. These nerves are distributed directly to the structures they supply in the intercostal spaces
Thoracic nerves

Nervous System Pt 1 (8 decks)

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