Nervous System and Behavioral Disorders

Question 1

The ______ system and the _______ system coordinate and control the body.

Answer 1

nervous system (and the) endocrine system

together they regulate our responses to the environment and maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

the _____ system functions by means of hormones, whereas the ______ system functions by means of electrical impulses

Answer 2

endocrine

nervous

Question 3

The nervous system consists of _____ _____ system and the _____ ____ system

Answer 3

central nervous system (CNS)

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 4

central nervous system (CNS) consists of the ____ , ___ ____, ____ nerves and ____ nerves

Answer 4

brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves (and) spinal nerves

Question 5

peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all nervous tissue outside the ____ and _____

Answer 5

brain

spinal cord

Question 6

Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into the ____ ____ system and the _____ ____ system

Answer 6

somatic nervous system

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Question 7

somatic nervous system (voluntary) controls ____ _____

Answer 7

skeletal muscle

Question 8

autonomic nervous system (ANS) (involuntary) controls _____ muscles, ____ muscle, and ____

Answer 8

smooth
cardiac
glands

ANS regulates responses to stress and helps to maintain homeostasis
Sympathetic (fight or flight)
Parasympathetic (rest and digest)

Question 9

two types of cells found in the nervous system

Answer 9

neurons and neurolgia

Question 10

neurons

Answer 10

nerve cells that make up the conducting tissue of the nervous system

Question 11

neuroglia

Answer 11

the connective tissue cells of the nervous system that support and protect nervous tissue

Question 12

the _____ is the basic functional unit in the nervous system

Answer 12

neuron

Question 13

each neuron has what two types of fibers extending from the cell body

Answer 13

dendrite and axon

Question 14

dendrite

Answer 14

fiber that extends from the neuron which carries impulses toward the cell body

Question 15

axon

Answer 15

fiber that extends from the neuron which carries impulses away from the cell body

Question 16

some axons are covered with _____, a whitish, fatty material that insulates and protects the axon and speeds electric conduction

Answer 16

myelin

Question 17

unmyelinated tissue makes up the ____ ____ of the nervous system

Answer 17

gray matter

Question 18

sensory neuron

Answer 18

a neuron that transmits impulses toward the CNS

Question 19

motor neuron

Answer 19

a neuron that transmits impulses away from the CNS

Question 20

the point of contact between two nerve cells is the ____

Answer 20

synapse

Question 21

at the synapse, energy is passed from one cell to another by means of a chemical _________

Answer 21

neurotransmitter

Question 22

the ______ is the largest part of the brain

Answer 22

cerebrum

Question 23

the cerebrum is composed largely of white matter with a thin layer of gray matter called ____ ____

Answer 23

cerebral cortex

Question 24

within the _____, the higher brain functions of memory, reasoning, and abstract thought occur

Answer 24

cortex

Question 25

the cerebrum is divided into 2 hemispheres by a deep groove called the _____ _____

Answer 25

longitudinal fissure

Question 26

each cerebrum hemisphere is divided into ____

Answer 26

lobes

Question 27

what are the 3 lobes of the cerebrum

Answer 27

diencephalon brainstem cerebellum

Question 28

diencephalon contains

Answer 28

the thalamus, hypothalamus and pituitary gland

Question 29

thalamus

Answer 29

receives sensory information and directs it to the proper portion of the cortex

Question 30

hypothalamus

Answer 30

controls the pituitary and forms a link between the endocrine and nervous system

Question 31

brainstem contains

Answer 31

the midbrain, the pons and the medulla oblongata

Question 32

the midbrain contains reflex centers for improved ____ and _____

Answer 32

vision (and) hearing

Question 33

neurology

Answer 33

study of anatomy, physiology, and pathology of nervous system

Question 34

neurosurgeon

Answer 34

physician trained to perform surgery on structures of nervous system

Question 35

neuropathy

Answer 35

generalized disease condition of nerves

Question 36

neuralgia

Answer 36

pain along course of nerve

Question 37

neuritis

Answer 37

inflammation of nerve

Question 38

neuroma

Answer 38

nerve tumor

Question 39

neuromyelitis

Answer 39

inflammation of nerves and spinal cord

Question 40

spinal cord

Answer 40

part of the CNS lodged in the spinal column

Question 41

meninges

Answer 41

3 membranes covering brain and spinal cord; dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater

Question 42

dura mater

Answer 42

outermost, toughest of the three meninges (membranes) of the brain and spinal cord

Question 43

arachnoid

Answer 43

delicate membrane interposed between dura mater and pia mater

Question 44

pia mater

Answer 44

innermost of the 3 meninges covering the brain and spinal cord

Question 45

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 45

fluid within the ventricles of the brain, subarachnoid space, and central canal

Question 46

nerve/cf

Answer 46

neur/o

Question 47

neuron

Answer 47

nerve cell

Question 48

neuroblast

Answer 48

embryonic nerve cell

Question 49

motor neuron

Answer 49

nerves that control muscle movement

Question 50

neurologist

Answer 50

specialist who studies nervous system disorders

Question 51

afferent nerves

Answer 51

carry nerve impulses from receptors in body toward central nervous system

Question 52

efferent nerves

Answer 52

carry nerve impulses away from CNS to effectors in body (muscles, nerves)

Question 53

afferent

Answer 53

inflowing toward center

Question 54

efferent

Answer 54

outflowing away from center

Question 55

affect

Answer 55

to have influence upon

Question 56

effect

Answer 56

result of consequence of action

Question 57

accept

Answer 57

include or bring toward

Question 58

except

Answer 58

exclude and keep away or reject

Question 59

affusion

Answer 59

pouring upon

Question 60

effusion

Answer 60

escaping of fluid from its normal place

Question 61

brain/cf

Answer 61

encephal/o

Question 62

encephalitis

Answer 62

inflammation of the brain or spinal cord tissue

Question 63

brain

Answer 63

comprising the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain

Question 64

cerebrum

Answer 64

main portion of the brain, occupying the upper part of the cranial cavity

Question 65

cerebellum

Answer 65

situated on the back of the brain stem; consisting of median lobe and two lateral lobes

Question 66

brain stem

Answer 66

stem-like portion of the brain connecting cerebral hemispheres and spinal cord

Question 67

encephalon

Answer 67

located between cerebrum and midbrain, contains thalamus, hypothalamus, and pineal glands

Question 68

part of brain responsible for thinking, feeling, and moving

Answer 68

cerebrum cerebral = adjectival form

Question 69

cerebritis

Answer 69

inflammation of cerebrum

Question 70

cerebroma

Answer 70

tumor in cerebrum

Question 71

cerebrovascular accident

Answer 71

loss of brain function due to decreased blood flow

Question 72

cerebrotomy

Answer 72

incision into cerebrum

Question 73

brain covering/cf

Answer 73

mening/o

Question 74

nerves from brain are connected to the rest of body through ____ ____

Answer 74

spinal cord

Question 75

cerebrospinal

Answer 75

pertaining to brain and spinal cord

Question 76

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 76

bathes cerebrum and spinal cord

Question 77

spinal cord and bone marrow/cf

Answer 77

myel/o

Question 78

myeloblast

Answer 78

immature bone marrow cell

Question 79

myelocyte

Answer 79

bone marrow germ cell

Question 80

myelocytic

Answer 80

pertaining to myelocytes

Question 81

myelocele

Answer 81

herniation of spinal cord

Question 82

meningocele

Answer 82

herniation of both dura and arachnoid through a vertebral defect

Question 83

meningomalacia

Answer 83

softening of meninges

Question 84

meningitis

Answer 84

inflammation of meninges cerebral meningitis spinal meningitis

Question 85

Pathway for impulses traveling to and from brain

Answer 85

spinal cord

Question 86

nerves from brain are connected to rest of body through ____ ____

Answer 86

spinal cord

Question 87

name the four pairs of paranasal sinus cavities

Answer 87

frontal ethmoid maxillary sphenoid

Question 88

name the 5 purposes for the sinuses

Answer 88

``` lighten facial bones voice resonation buffer against blows to face insulation of teeth roots and eyes from fluctuations in nasal temp humidifying and heating air intake ```

Question 89

the first structures of the respiratory system are the mouth and nostrils, also called

Answer 89

nares

Question 90

covering the membranes inside the nose and nasal cavities are these, which filter out foreign bodies

Answer 90

cilia

Question 91

after passing through the nasal cavity (and/or sinuses) air reaches this structure, the first of 3 throat structures?

Answer 91

nasopharynx

Question 92

within the nasopharynx is this pair of lymphatic tissue

Answer 92

pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids

Question 93

the second throat structure after the nasopharynx

Answer 93

oropharynx

Question 94

the oropharynx contains this pair of lymphatic tissue?

Answer 94

palatine tonsils

Question 95

the laryngopharynx is the last common passageway for both food and air. at the terminal end it bifurcates into these 2 structures

Answer 95

larynx and esophagus

Question 96

this flap (valve) sits over the larynx and prevents food and liquid from entering the lower airways?

Answer 96

epiglottis

Question 97

within the larynx are these instruments of phonation, located just below the epiglottis

Answer 97

vocal cords

Question 98

at the top of the larynx is this, the only nonarticulated bone in the body? (often found broken in cases of strangulation.

Answer 98

hyoid bone

Question 99

attached to the bottom of the larynx is the beginning of this ribbed tubular structure?

Answer 99

trachea

Question 100

2 important features of the trachea is that it produces ____ which trap impurities foreign bodies which are wafted upwards by cilia; and is structurally supported by ribs of _____

Answer 100

mucous | cartilage

Question 101

at the inferior end of the trachea it bifurcates into two primary ____? each side then splits into ___ secondary or lobular _____.

Answer 101

bronchi 10 bronchi

Question 102

on the right 3, 2 and 5 of the bronchi lead to these while on the left 5 and 5 lead to the same?

Answer 102

lobes

Question 103

branching off from the lobular bronchi are these structures, which carry air to and from the terminal point in the lungs

Answer 103

bronchioles

Question 104

at the end of each bronchiole are a cluster of ___ ducts; and at the end of those is an ____.

Answer 104

alveolar | alveolus