Respiratory System Flashcards
(205 cards)
1
Q
nasal cavity includes
A
nose, nares, cavity separated by septum
2
Q
pharynx
A
throat, cavity behind the nasal cavities and mouth
3
Q
larynx
A
voice organ, contains the vocal chords
4
Q
trachea
A
windpipe; tube reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage to prevent its collapse
5
Q
bronchioles
A
3 Separation *Primary
*Secondary
*Tertiary
one of the subdivisions of branched bronchial tree
6
Q
alveolus
A
where the gas exchange takes place;
- tiny sacs where gas exchange takes place
- found at the end of the terminal bronchioles
7
Q
diaphram
A
- muscle that controls breathing
- muscular partition that separates thoracic cavity abdominal cavity
- aids in breathing
8
Q
Respiratory System primary function is….
A
- gas exchange*
- happens in the alveolus
- provide O2 to body cells for energy metabolism
- eliminate CO2 a byproduct of metabolism
- inspiration of O2
- expiration of CO2
9
Q
breathing in
A
inspiration
10
Q
breathing out
A
expiration
11
Q
breathing/cf
A
pne/o = combing form
12
Q
breathing/-s
A
-pnea
13
Q
air/cf
A
pneum/o* = combing form
*can also mean lung
14
Q
pneumotherapy
A
treatment with compressed air
- therapy - treatment
15
Q
pneumometer
A
instrument that measures air volume in respiration
-meter - instrument
16
Q
spirometer
A
instrument that measures lung volume
- meter - instrument
17
Q
pneumoderma
A
collection of air under skin
pneum/o - air
derm/a - skin
18
Q
pneumothorax
A
collection of air in chest cavity
pneum/o - air
thor/o - chest
19
Q
pneumopyothorax
A
collection of air and pus in chest cavity
pneum/o - air
py/o - pus
thor/o - chest
20
Q
pneumohemothorax
A
collection of air and blood in chest cavity
pneum/o - air
hem/o - blood
thor/o - chest
21
Q
nose/cf (x2)
A
nas/o
rhin/o
22
Q
pharynx
A
throat
23
Q
pharynx/cf
A
pharyng/o
24
Q
larynx
A
voice box
25
larynx/cf
laryng/o
26
trachea
windpipe
27
trachea/cf
trache/o
28
bronchi or bronchus/cf
bronch/o
29
bronchioles/cf
bronchiol/o
30
alveoli or alveolus/cf
alveol/o
31
diaphram/cf
phren/o
diaphragm/o
32
lung/cf (x2)
pulmon/o
pneumon/o
33
air/cf
pneum/o
34
nasal
pertaining to nose
nas/o = nose cf
-al - pertaining to
35
nasitis
inflammation of nasal cavity
nas/o - nasal cavity
-itis - inflammation
36
nasoscope
instrument used to examine nasal cavity
nas/o - nasal cavity
-scope - instrument used to examine
37
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of nose and pharynx
nas/o - nose
pharyng/o - pharynx
itis - inflammation
38
nasofrontal
pertaining to nasal and frontal bone
nas/o - nose
front/o - frontal bone
-al - pertaining to
39
nasolacrimal
pertaining to nose and lacrimal (tear) duct
nas/o - nose
lacrim/o - tear duct
-al - pertaining to
40
epistaxis
nosebleed
| Greek - to drip
41
pharyngopathy
any pharynx disease
pharyng/o - throat
-pathy - disease
42
pharyngitis
inflammation of pharynx
pharyng/o - throat
-itis - inflammation
43
pharyngocele
herniation of pharynx
pharyng/o - throat
-cele - herniation
44
pharyngolith
calculus in wall of pharynx
pharyng/o - throat
-lith - calculus; stone
45
pharyngotomy
incision of throat
pharyng/o - throat
-otomy - incision into
46
pharyngoplasty
surgical repair of throat
pharyng/o - throat
-plasty - surgical repair
47
pharyngoscope
instrument used to examine throat
pharyng/o - throat
-scope - instrument
48
laryngopathy
any larynx disease
laryng/o - larynx
-pathy - disease
49
laryngitis
inflammation of larynx
laryng/o - larynx
-itis - inflammation
50
laryngalgia
pain in larynx
laryng/o - larynx
-gia - pain
51
laryngospasm
spasm of larynx
laryng/o - larynx
-spasm - spasm
52
laryngotomy
incision into larynx
laryng/o - larynx
-otomy - incision into
53
laryngostomy
surgical opening into larynx
laryng/o - larynx
-ostomy - surgical opening into
54
laryngoscope
instrument used to examine larynx
laryng/o - larynx
-scope - instrument used to examine
55
tracheal
pertaining to trachea
trache/o - trachea
-al - pertaining to
56
endotracheal
within trachea
trache/o - trachea
endo- within
-al - noun ending
57
trachealgia
pain in trachea
trache/o - trachea
-gia - pain
58
tracheocele
herniation of trachea
trache/o - trachea
-cele - herniation
59
tracheorrhagia
hemorrhage from trachea
trache/o - trachea
-rrhagia - hemorrhage
60
tracheopyosis
condition of trachea with pus formation
trache/o - trachea
py/o - pus
-sis - condition
61
tracheoscopy
examination of trachea
trache/o - trachea
-scopy - examination
62
tracheotomy
incision into trachea
trache/o - trachea
-otomy - incision into
63
tracheostomy
surgical creation of new opening in trachea
trache/o - trachea
-stomy - the surgical creation of a new opening
64
tracheolaryngotomy
incision of trachea and larynx
trache/o - trachea
laryng/o - larynx
-otomy - incision into
65
pneumonopathy
any lung disease
pneumon/o - lungs
-pathy - disease
66
pneumonorrhagia
hemorrhage of lungs
pneumon/o - lungs
-rrhagia - hemorrhage
67
pneumonomelanosis
lung disease characterized by black lung
pneumon/o - lungs
melan/o - black
-is - noun ending
68
pulmonary and pulmonic
pertaining to lungs
pulmon/o - lungs
- ary - pertaining to
- ic - pertaining to
69
cardiopulmonary
pertaining to heart and lungs
cardi/o - heart
pulmon/o - lungs
-ary - pertaining to
70
pulmonary valve
heart valve through which blood travels to lungs
71
pulmonary embolus
blood clot moving to lung
72
bronch/o
bronchi
73
bronchitis
inflammation of bronchi
bronch/o - bronchi
-itis - inflammation
74
broncholith
calculus in bronchi
bronch/o - bronchi
-lith - calculus, stone
75
bronchorrhagia
bronchial hemorrhage
bronch/o - bronchi
-rrhagia - excessive flow or discharge
76
bronchospasm
spasm of bronchus
bronch/o - bronchi
-spasm - spasm
77
bronchoscope
instrument used to examine bronchi
bronch/o - bronchi
-scope - instrument used to examine
78
bronchoscopy
examination of bronchi with instrument
bronch/o - bronchi
-scopy - process of viewing
79
bronchorrhaphy
suturing of bronchus
bronch/o - bronchi
-rrhaphy - suturing
80
bronchorrhaphy
suturing of bronchus
bronch/o - bronchi
-rrhaphy - suturing
81
alveolar sclerosis
hardening of the alveoli
82
alveolar hemorrhage
bleeding originating from the microvasculature of the alveoli
83
hemoglobin transports ________ to cells
oxygen
84
__________ moves from tissues into bloodstream
carbon dioxide
85
CO2 moves into _______ and is exhaled
alveoli
86
pleura
membrane around lungs
87
pleura/cf
pleur/o
pleur/ae - plural form
88
pleural
pertaining to pleura
pleur/o - pleura
-al - pertaining to
89
pleuritis and pleurisy
inflammation of pleura
pleur/o - pleura
- isis - inflammation
- al - inflammation
90
pleuralgia and pleurodynia
pain in pleura
pleur/o - pleura
-gia - pain
91
pleuralgia and pleurodynia
pain in pleura
pleur/o - pleura
-algia - pain
92
pleura
a double membrane around lungs and lines the thoracic cavity
93
pleurocentesis
surgical puncturing of pleura
pleur/o - pleura
-centesis - surgical puncturing of pleura
94
pleurectomy
surgical removal of part of pleura
pleur/o - pleura
-ectomy - surgical removal
95
diaphragm/cf
phren/o and diaphragm/o
phrenic and diaphragmatic - adjectival forms
96
diaphragmatic breathing
automatic breathing controlled by brain signaling diaphragm
97
phrenoplegia
paralysis of diaphragm
phren/o - diaphragm
-plegia - paralysis
98
pneumonitis
inflammation of lungs
pneum/o - lungs
-itis - inflammation
99
pneumonia
acute inflammation of lungs
caused by bacteria, fungi and viruses
pneum/o - lungs
-ia - condition
100
atelectasis
collapsed lung
| dilated or expanded
101
apnea
absence of breathing
102
dyspnea
difficult breathing
103
hyperpnea
increased rate and depth of breathing
104
tachypnea
rapid breathing
105
bradypnea
slow breathing
106
orthopnea
able to breathe only when sitting up or standing
107
bradypnea
abnormally slow breathing
108
orthopnea
able to breathe only when sitting up or standing
109
hemoptysis
expectorating blood
110
hyperventilation
excessive movement of air in and out of lungs
111
hypoxia
insufficient oxygen;
| low oxygen levels in organs and tissues
112
cyanosis
bluish color due to hypoxia
113
abscess (lung)
a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the disintegration of tissues
114
coryza
profuse discharge from the mucous membrane of the nose; the common cold
115
effusion
escape of a fluid; exudation or transudation
116
hiccup
sharp respiratory sound with spasm of the glottis and diaphragm
117
sinusitis
inflammation of a sinus
118
anoxia
without oxygen
119
apnea
temporary cessation of breathing; asphyxia
120
dysophonia
voice impairment; difficulty speaking
121
hiatus
a gap (opening), especially in the diaphragm
122
Mantoux (test)
TB skin test
123
rhinoplasty
plastic surgery of the nose
rhin/o - nose
-plasty - surgical repair
124
SOB
shortness of breath
125
pneumonotomy
incision into lung
pneum/o - lung
-otomy - incision into
126
pneumonectomy
excision of part or all of lung
pneum/o - lung
-ectomy - surgical removal
127
pneumonopexy
surgical fixation or attachment of prolapsed lung
pneum/o - lung
-pexy - surgical fixation
128
sputum
a mixture of saliva and mucus and other fluids and substances in respiratory tract
129
sputum/cf
ptyal/o
130
hemoptysis
coughing up sputum containing blood
hem/o - blood
-ptysis - spitting
131
ptyalorrhea
drooling due to excess saliva
ptyal/o - saliva
-rrhea - discharge, flow
132
croup
barking cough
133
asthma
inflammatory disease
134
emphysema
(like chronic bronchitis, a type of COPD)
Terminal bronchioles and alveoli lose elasticity and ability to receive and expel air; chronic disease associated with overexpansion and destruction of the alveoli
135
pertussis
whooping cough
136
intubation
insertion of a tube into a hollow organ, such as larynx or trachea for entrance of air
137
exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood takes place in the ________
lungs
138
lungs are two
| ____- ____ organs
cone-shaped
139
lungs are located in the _______ _______
thoracic cavity
140
parietal pleura
outer layer attached to the wall of the thoracic cavity
141
visceral pleura
inner layer that is attached to the surface of the lungs
142
pleural space
the very thin, fluid-filled space between the two layers of the pleura
143
air enters through the ____
nose, warmed, filtered, and moistened
144
cilia
microscopic hairlike projections from the cells that line the nose, sweep dirt and foreign material toward the throat for elimination
145
sputum
material eliminated from the respiratory tract by coughing or clearing throat
146
the bones of the _____ and _____ near the nose are air-filled cavities lined with ____ ____ that drain into the ___ ___ ___
skull (and) face
mucus membranes
nasal cavity
147
paranasal sinuses
sinus cavities in the sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary sinuses
148
this is where receptors for the sense of smell are located within bony side projections of the nasal cavity
turbinate bones or conchae
149
inhaled air passes in to the _______
pharynx - throat
150
the pharynx is divided into ___ regions called the ______, ______, and ______ pharynx
nasopharynx -upper portion (adenoids)
oropharynx - lower portion (palatine tonsils)
laryngeal pharynx
palatine tonsils
adenoids
151
pharynx conducts air into the _____
trachea
152
expectoration
coughing
153
thyroid cartilage at the front of the front of the larynx
"Adam's apple"
154
glottis
opening between the vocal cords
155
small leaf-shaped cartilage at the top of the larynx (prevents food from entering the respiratory system
epiglottis
156
the larynx contains the ___ ___
vocal cords
157
trachea is contained in a region known as the _____
mediastinum
158
the mediastinum region (space between the lungs) contains the ____, ____, ____, large vessels, and other ____
heart, esophagus, large vessels, and other tissues
159
trachea divides into a right and a left main stem ______ that enter the lungs
bronchus
160
the right _____ is shorter and wider; dividing into 3 2ndry _____ that enter the 3 lobes of the right ____
bronchus
bronchi
lung
161
the left _____ divides into 2 ____ that supply the 2 ____ of the left _____
bronchus
branches
lobes
lung
162
_____ carry air into ____, microscopic air sacs, through which ___ are exchanged between the __ and the ____
bronchioles
alveoli
gases
lungs (and the) blood
163
when gases exchange in the alveoli, _____ diffuses into the blood and ____ ____ diffuses out of the blood for elimination
oxygen
| carbon dioxide
164
air is moved into and out of the lungs by the process of _____, technically called _____
breathing
| ventilation
165
the steady cycle of _____ and _____, separated by a period of rest begins when the ____ ____ stimulates the ____ to contract and flatten
inspiration
expiration
phrenic nerve
diaphragm
166
intercostal muscles are located ____ the ____ and aid inspiration (pulling ___ up and out)
between (the) ribs
| ribs
167
the measure of how easily the lungs expand under pressure is _____
compliance
168
surfactant
fluid produced within the lung
169
oxygen is carried in the blood bound to _____ in ____ ____ cells
```
hemoglobin
red blood (cells)
```
170
carbon dioxide is mostly converted to an acid called ___ ___
carbonic acid
171
to regulate the acidity or alkalinity of the blood, it is important to regulate the amount of ____ ____ exhaled
carbon dioxide
172
hemoglobin
the iron containing pigment in red blood cells that transports oxygen
173
lung
a cone-shaped spongy organ of respiration contained within the thorax
174
nose
the organ of the face used for breathing
175
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose
rhin/o - nose
-rrhea - discharge, flow
176
bronchogenic
originating in a bronchus
bronch/o - bronchus
-genic - origin
177
phrenic nerve/cf
phrenic/o
178
breathing/cf
spir/o
179
aspiration
inhalation
180
pulmonary function is affected by conditions that cause resistance to ___ ___ through the _____ tract
air flow
| respiratory
181
hyperventilation
blood becomes too ___
when too much CO2 is exhaled
alkalosis
182
hypoventilation
blood becomes too __
when too little CO2 is exhaled
acidosis
183
influenza
viral disease of the respiratory tract
184
COPD
COLD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
chronic obstructive lung disease
185
pneumoconiosis
chronic irritation and inflammation caused by inhalation of dust particles
186
pleurisy or pleuritis
an inflammation of the pleura
187
empyema
pus = accumulated in the pleural space
188
thoracentesis
needle puncture of the chest to remove fluids
189
cystic fibrosis (CF)
alters chloride transport across cell membranes affecting glandular secretions
190
arterial blood gases ABGs
used to evaluate gas exchange in the lungs
191
pulse oximetry
measures the O2 saturation of arterial blood
192
______ ____ ____ are used to assess breathing by means of a ______
pulmonary function tests
spirometer
193
hilum aka hilus
a depression in an organ where vessels and nerves enter
194
nares
external openings of the nose; the nostrils (singular, naris)
195
nasal septum
partition that divides the nasal cavity into two parts
196
nasal septum/cf
sept/o
197
anoxia
lack or absence of O2 in tissues
198
asphyxia
inadequate intake of O2; suffocation (literally "lack of pulse"
199
deviated septum
a shifted nasal septum
200
fremitus
a vibration, especially as felt through the chest wall on palpation
201
rale
abnormal chest sounds heard when air enters small airways or alveoli containing fluid - noticeable during inspiration
202
rhonchi
abnormal chest sounds produced in airways with accumulated fluids - noticeable during expiration
203
stridor
harsh, high-pitched sound caused by obstruction of an upper air passageway
204
tussis
a cough
antitussive drug relieves or prevents coughing
205
wheeze
a whistling or sighing sound caused by narrowing of a respiratory passageway
