Nervous system and Hormones

Question 1

What is a stimulus?

Answer 1

A change in the environment

Question 2

What is a receptor

Answer 2

a group of specialized cells that detect a stimulus
found in sensory organs

Question 3

Expand CNS

Answer 3

Central Nervous System

Question 4

What is a co-ordinator

Answer 4

Links a receptor to an effector

Question 5

What is an effector

Answer 5

part of the body which responds to the stimulus

Question 6

What is a response?

Answer 6

A response is a reaction to the stimulus

Question 7

What are nerves also called as?

Answer 7

Neurons

Question 8

Explain neurons

Answer 8

carry information in small electrical signals called impulses
often grouped in large bundles called nerves

Question 9

How does a stimulus result in a response?

Answer 9

Stimulus —> Receptor —> CNS/Co-Ordinator—>Effectors—>Response

Question 10

What is the CNS made up of?

Answer 10

Brain and Spinal Cord

Question 11

Explain some features of the nervous system

Answer 11

Acts all over the body
Short term
Very fast response
Communicates to the body through electrical impulses via neutrons

Question 12

Explain some features of Hormones

Answer 12

Slow response
Long Term
Acts on a target organ
Communicates to the body via blood

Question 13

How are neurons adapted to their function

Answer 13

Branched structures at each end to allow electrical signals to pass

Question 14

Explain Synapses

Answer 14

The small gap between neurons which impulses jump across

Question 15

Describe Voluntary Actions

Answer 15

When the brain is involved in thinking about an action
Involves conscious thought
slower response

Question 16

Describe Reflex Actions

Answer 16

Automatic and fast response to the stimuli, does not involve the brain or conscious thought
Involves the spinal cord

Question 17

What are the two types of Effectors?

Answer 17

Muscles and Glands

Question 18

What is a reflex arc?

Answer 18

The pathway of neurons in a reflex action is described as reflex arc

Question 19

What is a Sensory Neuron?

Answer 19

Carries impulses from the receptor to the spinal cord

Question 20

What is Motor Neuron?

Answer 20

Carries nerve impulses from spinal cord to the effector

Question 21

What is a association neuron?

Answer 21

Joins the sensory and motor neuron

Question 22

What are Hormones?

Answer 22

Hormones are chemical messengers, produced by glands that travel in the blood to bring about a response in a target organ

Question 23

What is Insulin

Answer 23

Insulin is the hormone that lowers blood glucose concentrations

Question 24

Explain the steps of The Action of Insulin

Answer 24

1) Blood Glucose Level Normal
2) Meal containing carbohydrate
3) Blood Glucose Lebel Increases
4)Pancreas Produce More Insulin
5) More respiration, More uptake of glucose, glucose converted into glycogen
6)Blood Glucose Level Decrease
7)Blood Glucose Level Normal

Question 25

What is diabetes

Answer 25

Diabetes is a life long condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin

Question 26

Symptoms of Diabetes

Answer 26

High blood glucose concentration Lethargy Thirst

Question 27

Name two types of Diabetes

Answer 27

Type 1 Type 2

Question 28

Main effect of Type 1 Diabetes

Answer 28

Insulin is not produced by pancreas

Question 29

Treatment for Type 1

Answer 29

Insulin injections for life and controlled diet

Question 30

Preventive measures for Type 1

Answer 30

None- not caused by lifestyle Cant prevent it

Question 31

Age of First Occurrence for Type 1

Answer 31

Childhood

Question 32

Main Effect of Type 2

Answer 32

Insulin is produced but stops working properly or doesn’t produce enough insulin

Question 33

Treatment for Type 2

Answer 33

Controlled diet Insulin injections

Question 34

Preventive measures for Type 2 Diabetes

Answer 34

Exercise Reduced sugar intake avoid obesity

Question 35

Age of First Occurrence of Type 2

Answer 35

Usually as an adult

Question 36

Long Term effects of Diabetes

Answer 36

Eye damage/blindness Heart disease Strokes Kidney damage

Question 37

Role of kidney in our body

Answer 37

Excretion Osmoregulation

Question 37

What is osmoregulation

Answer 37

Controlling the water balance in the body

Question 38

Cortex

Answer 38

Outer part of the kidney

Question 39

Medulla

Answer 39

Middle part of the kidney

Question 40

Renal vein

Answer 40

Returns filtered blood to the vena cava

Question 41

Ureter

Answer 41

Drains urine from the kidneys

Question 42

Bladder

Answer 42

Stores urine

Question 43

Sphincter muscle

Answer 43

Holds urine in the bladder

Question 44

Urethra

Answer 44

Takes urine out of the body

Question 45

Renal artery

Answer 45

Carries blood to the kidney for filtering

Question 46

Explain the excretory system

Answer 46

The kidney filters blood and excretes waste product Most of blood is filtered out of the blood vessels, only useful material(water, glucose)is absorbed back to the blood. This takes place is CORTEX

Question 47

What does the excretory system do to waste materials?

Answer 47

They are drained into the pelvis, before emptying into the ureters for excretion

Question 48

Explain Homeostasis

Answer 48

Maintaining constant internal environment in the body for proper functioning of cells and enzymes in response to internal and external change

Question 49

How does body gain water?

Answer 49

Drinking liquids In food Water produced in respiration

Question 50

How does the body loose water

Answer 50

Sweat Breathing out water vapor urination

Question 51

What is an example of homeostatic control

Answer 51

The control of blood glucose

Question 52

Which organs controls water balance?

Answer 52

Kidney

Question 53

Osmoregulation when blood is too dilute?(too much water in blood)

Answer 53

1)Blood Concentration Normal 2)Large Drink of Liquid 3)Blood too Dilute 4)Kidney reabsorbs less water back into the blood and more urine is produced 5)Blood Concentration level normal

Question 54

Osmoregulation when blood is too concentration

Answer 54

1) Blood Concentration Normal 2)Lots of water lost as swear during exercise 3)Blood too Concentrated 4) Kidney Reabsorbs more water into the blood and less urine is produced

Question 55

Expand ADH

Answer 55

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 56

What does ADH do

Answer 56

Controls the amount of water reabsorbed

Question 57

Explain ADH

Answer 57

If blood is too concentrated more ADH is produced=more water absorption=less urine If blood is too dilute=less ADH produced=less water absorption=more urine