Nervous system basics

Question 1

Failure of what process results in I-cell disease

Answer 1

• lysosomal storage disorder

- Failure of addition of a mannose-6-phosphate marker to lysosome enzymes

Question 2

Bilateral Acoustic neuromas or schwannomas are found in what disorder

Answer 2

NF2

Question 3

what CNS cell has “fried egg appearance”. Large clear cytoplasm

Answer 3

Oligodendrocytes

Question 4

Rough ER in neurons is called what?

Where is it?

Answer 4

• Nissle bodies

- Only in dendrites, NOT axons

Question 5

What happens when microglia get infected with HIV

Answer 5

fuse to form multinucleated giant cells

Question 6

Most CNS cell are neuroectoderm. Which cell is mesoderm?

Answer 6

microglia

Question 7

What CNS cell is involved in reactive gliosis

Answer 7

Astrocyte

Question 8

What are the 4 major dopaminergic pathways?

Answer 8

• Mesocortical
• Mesolimbic
• Nigrostriatal
• Tuberoinfundibular

Question 9

Describe the major pathway of the mesocortical pathway?

Answer 9

Ventral tegmental of midbrain —> cortex

Question 10

Describe the major pathway of the Mesolimbic pathway?

Answer 10

Ventral tegmental of midbrain –> limbic system

Question 11

Describe the major pathway of the nictrostriatal pathway

Answer 11

Substantia nigra pars compacta —> neostriatum

Question 12

Describe the major pathway of the Tuberoinfundibular pathway

Answer 12

arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus –> pituitary

Question 13

What is the result of blocking the mesocortical pathway

Answer 13

increase in negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 14

what is the result of blocking the mesolimbic pathway

Answer 14

RELIEVES positive symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 15

what is the result of blocking the nigrostriatal pathway

Answer 15

Parkinsons

Question 16

What is the result of blocking the tuberoinfundibular pathway

Answer 16

Increase release of prolactin from anterior pituitary

Question 17

What disorder is thought to arise from reduced norepinephrine activity?
Increased?

Answer 17

• Depression

- Mania and anxiety

Question 18

what is norepinephrine made

Answer 18

• locus ceruleus
• reticular formation
• Solitary tract

Question 19

Serotonin in Anxiety?

Depression?

Answer 19

decreased in both

Question 20

where is serotonin produced

Answer 20

Raphe nucleus

Question 21

ACh in Alzheimer?
Huntington?
Parkinson?

Answer 21

• low
• low
• high

Question 22

What disease is associated with the degeneration of the basal nucleus of Meynert and less CNS acetylcholine?

Answer 22

Alzheimer

Question 23

Primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the CNS

Answer 23

GABA

Question 24

GABA is produced from what?

Answer 24

glutamate and vitamin B6

Question 25

GABA in anxiety? | Huntington?

Answer 25

Decreased in both

Question 26

GABA is produced where?

Answer 26

nucleus accumbens

Question 27

main excitatory neurotransmitter of brain

Answer 27

Glutamate

Question 28

main inhibitor neurotransmitter of spinal cord

Answer 28

Glycine

Question 29

Name the aspects of the reticular activating system and what each one produces/mediates?

Answer 29

- Reticular formation: mediates alertness - Locus ceruleus: produces norepinephrine - Raphe nuclei: produce serotonin

Question 30

What are the components of the Blood-brain barrier

Answer 30

- capillary endothelium - Basement membrane - Astrocyte foot process