Teratogens

Question 1

Renal failure, Oligohydramnios?

Answer 1

• ACE inhibitors

- ARBs

Question 2

Otoxicity

Answer 2

aminoglycosides

Question 3

Cartilage damage

Answer 3

Fluoroquinolones

Question 4

Discolored teeth

Answer 4

Tetracyclines

Question 5

• Ear/facial anomalies
• Limb hypoplasia
• Absence of digits

Answer 5

Cyclophosphamide

Question 6

-Neural tube defects

Answer 6

• Methotrexate
• Carbamazepine
• Valproic acid

Question 7

Fetal hydantoin syndrome

Answer 7

Phenytoin

Question 8

Ebstein anomaly

Answer 8

Lithium

Question 9

CNS and limb abnormalities

Answer 9

-Statin

Question 10

• Bone/cartilage defects

- Nasal hypoplasia

Answer 10

Warfarin

Question 11

• spontaneous abortion

- birth defects

Answer 11

Isotretinoin

Question 12

Clear cell vaginal adenocarcinoma

Answer 12

Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Question 13

Phocomelia

Answer 13

thalidomide

Question 14

• CNS malformations (early exposure)

- Malignancy (late exposure)

Answer 14

Ionizing Radiation

Question 15

• Spontaneous abortion
• microcephaly
• cardiac defects
• Can interfere with neural crest cell migration or HOX gene expression

Answer 15

Excess Vitamin A

Question 16

• Cardiac Defects
• Neural tube defects
• Caudal regression syndrome

Answer 16

Maternal Diabetes

Question 17

Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism)

Answer 17

Maternal iodine deficiency

Question 18

• Placental Abruption
• Low birth weight
• IUGR

Answer 18

• nicotine

- cocaine

Question 19

• Facial abnormalities (narrow eye openings, wide-set eyes, smooth philtrum, thin upper lip, cleft palate)
• Intellectual disability
• microcephaly
• holoprosencephaly

Answer 19

Fetal alcohol syndrome