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NUR 110/111 > Nervous System, C33; WB, > Flashcards

Nervous System, C33; WB, Flashcards

Module/Week12

1
Q

Neuron

A

cell; sends/receives information; made of Dendrites, Cell Body, & Axon

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2
Q

A _______ is a cell; sends/receives information; made of Dendrites, Cell Body, & Axon.

A

Neuron

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3
Q

Sensory Nerves

A

carry information from organs & environment to Spinal Cord & into Brain so Brain can analyze it

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4
Q

Sensory Nerves carry information from _______ & _________ to Spinal Cord & into Brain so Brain can analyze it

A

organs, environment

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5
Q
A
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5
Q

Motor Nerves

A

carry commands from Brain down Spinal Cord & out to muscles & organs

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6
Q

Motor Nerves carry commands from Brain down Spinal Cord & out to ________ & _________.

A

muscles, organs

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7
Q

Neuron’s 3 components:

A

Dendrites
Cell Body
Axon

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8
Q

Dendrites _________ information.
Axons ______ information.

A

receive
give

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

short extensions from Cell Body that receive information

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10
Q

Dendrite are _______ extensions from Cell Body that receive information.

A

short

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11
Q

Axon are ______ extensions from Cell Body that send information.

A

long

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12
Q

Axon

A

long extensions from Cell Body that receive information

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13
Q

Myelin

A

fatty, white substance that protects Axon; speeds conduction of nerve impulses Axon

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14
Q

Myelin is a fatty, white substance that protects ____; ______ conduction of nerve impulses Axon

A

Axon, speeds

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15
Q

Neurotransmitters carry nerve impulse across gap between Axon of one Neuron & Dendrites of another; gap is called _________.

A

Synapse

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16
Q

Synapse

A

gap between Axon of one Neuron & Dendrites of another

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17
Q

Nervous System’s 2 main divisions:

A

CNS
PNS

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18
Q

CNS + PNS = __________ System

A

Nervous

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19
Q

CNS consists of ______ & _______ ________.

A

brain, spinal cord

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20
Q

Brain + spinal cord = __________ Nervous System.

A

Central

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21
Q

PNS consists of ______ outside brain & spinal cord.

A

nerves

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22
Q

Nerves outside brain & spinal cord = _____________ Nervous System

A

Peripheral

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23
Q

CNS _________ information, processes it, & issues ______________.

A

receives, instructions

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24
Q

___________ Nervous System receives/processes information & deals out instructions.

A

Central

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25
Q

PNS ___________ information from environment & carries _________ from brain & spinal cord to organs.

A

receives, instructions

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26
Q

______________ Nervous System receives information from environment & carries commands from Brain & Spinal Cord to organs.

A

Peripheral

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27
Q

_________ _________ __________ communicates between CNS & body.

A

PNS

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28
Q

CNS is protected by three layers of connective tissue, called ________.

A

Meninges

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29
Q

Meninges

A

connective tissue layers that protect CNS

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30
Q

3 Meninges layers that protect CNS, from deep to superficial:

A

Pia Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Dura Mater

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31
Q

Pia Mater

A

thin tissue layer rich in blood vessels; attached to brain’s & spinal cord’s surface

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32
Q

Pia Mater in the _________ Meninges layer; it has _______ blood vessels; it’s attached to ________ & _______ _______ surface.

A

deepest, many, brain’s, spinal cord’s

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33
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

web-like middle layer

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34
Q

Arachnoid Mater is the ________ Meninges layer; it’s ___-like.

A

web

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35
Q

Dura Mater

A

thick, tough outer layer; attached to inside of skull & vertebrae

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36
Q

Dura Mater is the ________ Meninges layer; it’s ______; attached to inside of _____ & __________.

A

outermost, tough, skull, vertebrae

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37
Q

Brain’s 4 parts:

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum

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38
Q

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum

together make up the _____.

A

Brain

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39
Q

The 3 Maters _______ & ________ the Brain.

A

cushion, protect

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40
Q

Brain

A

large, soft mass of nervous tissue; where information is processed & instructions are issued

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41
Q

Brain is a large, soft mass of _________ tissue; where information is ________ & instructions are _________.

A

nervous, processed, issued

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42
Q

Cerebrum is Brain’s _______ part; has characteristic “____”

A

largest, folds

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43
Q

3 Cerebrum functions:

A
  • voluntary motor control
  • gives meaning to information received from senses
  • allows us to speak, remember, think, & feel emotions
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44
Q
  • controls voluntary muscle movements
  • gives meaning to information received from senses
  • allows us to speak, remember, think, & feel emotions

are 3 functions of the _________.

A

Cerebrum

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45
Q

Cerebrum’s right & left hemispheres communicate with each other & are connected by ______ ________.

A

Corpus Callosum

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46
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

connects & allows communication between Cerebrum’s left & right hemispheres

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47
Q

Diencephalon contains __________ & _________________ (structures).

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus

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48
Q

Thalamus & Hypothalamus are in the _______________.

A

Diencephalon

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49
Q

Thalamus

A

sorts out impulses that arrive via spinal cord from body parts & sends them to correct Cerebrum part

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50
Q

__________ sorts out impulses that arrive via spinal cord from body parts & send them to correct Cerebrum part.

A

Thalamus

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51
Q

Hypothalamus

A

regulates/controls body temperature, fluid balance, appetite, sleep cycles, some emotions, & Pituitary Gland

52
Q

Hypothalamus regulates/controls body _________, _______ balance, ________, ________ cycles, some __________, & ______ Gland.

A

temperature, fluid, appetite, sleep, emotions, Pituitary

53
Q

______ ______ connects Spinal Cord to Brain.

A

Brain Stem

54
Q

Brain Stem’s 3 parts:

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medulla

55
Q

Midbrain, Pons, & Medulla make up the Brain _____.

A

Stem

56
Q

Medulla

A

contains centers that control respiration, heartbeat, & BP

57
Q

__________ contains centers that control respiration, heartbeat, & BP.

A

Medulla

58
Q

Cerebellum

A

coordinates brain’s commands to muscles so they move smoothly & in orderly fashion; plays role balance

59
Q

Cerebellum coordinates brain’s commands to _________ so they move smoothly & in orderly fashion; plays role ________.

A

muscles, balance

60
Q

________ Nerves connect directly to brain.

A

Cranial

61
Q

We have __ pairs of Cranial Nerves.

A

12

62
Q

Nervous System _________, _______, & ___________ to information.

A

receives, processes, responds

63
Q

2 aging affects on Nervous System:

A
  • slower reaction times
  • memory/attention changes
64
Q
  • slower reaction times
  • memory/attention changes

are 2 _______ affects on Nervous System.

A

aging

64
Q
A
65
Q

Slowed reaction times can increase an older person’s risk for _______ & other _________ accidents.

A

falling, household

66
Q

Ischemia

A

decreased blood flow to tissues

67
Q

__________ is decreased blood flow to tissues.

A

Ischemia

68
Q

TIA stands for . . .

A

Transient Ischemic Attack.

69
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack

A

temporary dysfunction episode caused by decreased blood flow to Brain

70
Q

Transient Ischemic Attacks are a _________ dysfunction episode caused by decreased _____ flow to Brain.

A

temporary, blood

71
Q

CVA stands for . . .

A

CerebroVascular Accident.

71
Q
A
72
Q

CVAs are also called ________.

A

Strokes

73
Q

CVA/Stroke

A

occurs when blood flow to brain part is completely blocked, causing tissue death

74
Q

CVAs/Strokes occur when blood flow to brain part is _________ blocked, causing tissue _________.

A

completely, death

75
Q

Most common cause of CVA/Stroke:

A

blood clot

76
Q

Blood clots are the _____ common CVA/Stroke causes.

A

most

77
Q
  • smoking
  • Atherosclerosis
  • certain heart Dysrhythmias
  • poorly controlled Hypertension
  • poorly controlled Diabetes

are 5 factors that can make a person at high risk for developing a ________ due to a blood clot:

A

CVA/Stroke

78
Q

5 factors that can make a person at high risk for developing a CVA/Stroke due to a blood clot:

A
  • smoking
  • Atherosclerosis
  • certain heart Dysrhythmias
  • poorly controlled Hypertension
  • poorly controlled Diabetes
79
Q

__________ Hemorrhages can cause CVAs/Strokes.

A

Cerebral

80
Q

Cerebral Hemorrhage

A

occurs when small artery in brain bursts; the bleeding into surrounding brain tissue puts pressure on delicate tissue, damaging it

81
Q

Cerebral Hemorrhage occurs when small artery in brain ________; the ________ into surrounding brain tissue puts ________ on delicate tissue, ___________ it.

A

bursts, bleeding, pressure, damaging

82
Q

Cerebral Hemorrhage is more likely in people with chronic ____________, __________, or certain blood vessel _____________ in Brain.

A

Hypertension
Arteriosclerosis
deformities

83
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

artery hardening

84
Q

____________ is artery hardening.

A

Arteriosclerosis

85
Q

2 most common disabilities resulting from CVA/Stroke:

A

Hemiplegia
Aphasia

86
Q

Hemiplegia

A

paralysis/feeling-loss on one body side

87
Q

______________ is paralysis/feeling-loss on one body side.

A

Hemiplegia

88
Q

Aphasia

A

affects ability to communicate with others

89
Q

Aphasia affects ability to ___________ with others.

A

communicate

90
Q

Aphasia can be _________ or __________-.

A

Expressive, Receptive

91
Q

Expressive Aphasia

A

caused by damage to Brain’s motor centers that control ability to speak or form sounds into meaningful words; person may also have trouble swallowing (increasing choking risk)

92
Q

Expressive Aphasia is caused by damage to Brain’s ______ centers that control ability to ________ or form sounds into meaningful _________; person may also have trouble _____________ (increasing choking risk).

A

motor, speak, words, swallowing

93
Q

Receptive Aphasia

A

caused by damage to Brain area that allows person to understand words; person can speak clearly, but no longer knows words’ meanings; may not be able to follow verbal instruction

94
Q

Receptive Aphasia is caused by damage to Brain area that allows person to ________ words; person can ______ clearly, but no longer knows words’ __________; may not be able to follow __________ instruction.

A

understand, speak, meanings, verbal

95
Q

Parkinsons Disease

A

Dopamine not produced in sufficient amounts, causing signal-blocking between Basal Ganglia & other brain regions

96
Q

In Parkinsons Disease, _________ isn’t produced in sufficient amounts, causing signal-blocking between ______ ________ & other brain regions.

A

Dopamine, Basal Ganglia

97
Q

Parkinsons Disease is a ___________ disease.

A

progressive

98
Q

TRAP, in relation to Parkinsons Disease, stands for . . .

A

tremors
rigidity
Akinesia
posture

99
Q

Epilepsy

A

disorder characterized by chronic seizure activity

100
Q

Epilepsy is a disorder characterized by ________ seizure activity.

A

chronic

101
Q

Seizures

A

caused by interruptions of normal electrical brain activity

102
Q

Seizures are caused by __________ of normal electrical brain activity.

A

interruptions

103
Q

Seizures may be Grand Mal/Tonic–Clonic (generalized/_________ muscle contraction/relaxation) or Petit Mal/Absence (very _____ & hardly __________).

A

violent, mild, noticeable

104
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Autoimmune Disorder—immune system attacks & destroys Myelin Sheaths protecting nerves, resulting in faulty nerve impulse transmission

105
Q

Multiple Sclerosis is an Autoimmune Disorder—immune system attacks & destroys _______ ________ protecting nerves, resulting in faulty nerve impulse ______________.

A

Myelin Sheaths, transmission

106
Q

MS usually affects nerves in _____, ______, & _____ 1st, & then moves inward toward CNS.

A

hands, feet, eyes

107
Q
  • muscle weakness
  • tingling sensations
  • eye/s twitching
  • visual disturbances

may be early signs of __________ ___________.

A

Multiple Sclerosis

108
Q

4 early MS signs:

A
  • muscle weakness
  • tingling sensations
  • eye/s twitching
  • visual disturbances
109
Q

In MS’s late stages, person may become totally _________.

A

paralyzed

110
Q

There’s no cure for MS, though some medications have been shown to slow __________.

A

progression

111
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is also (stupidly) called ___ _______ Disease.

A

Lou Gehrig

112
Q

ALS is a ________ System disorder that causes progressive _________ weakness.

A

Nervous, muscle

113
Q

In ________ __________ __________, Neurons that transmit impulses between Spinal Cord & muscles are damaged & eventually die.

A

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

114
Q

People in late stage ALS have total ______ & their minds remain _______; death occurs when person loses ability to _______ & __________.

A

paralysis, sharp, breathe, swallow

115
Q

Some people with head injuries will have _________ similar to that seen in people who have had a CVA/Stroke, while others will develop ________, _________ problems, or ___________ problems.

A

paralysis, Epilepsy, memory, behavioral

116
Q

Coma

A

deep state of unconsciousness from which person can’t be aroused

117
Q

Coma is deep state of unconsciousness from which person can’t be ________.

A

aroused

118
Q

If Coma persists longer than several weeks, person is in _____________ ___________ State.

A

Persistent Vegetative

119
Q

Persistent Vegetative State

A

Coma that lasts >weeks

120
Q

Injury to Spinal Cord in neck area can result in ____________/____________ because nerve impulses aren’t able to travel past neck.

A

Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia

121
Q

Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia

A

neck down paralysis

122
Q

______________/_______________ is neck down paralysis.

A

Quadriplegia/Tetraplegia

123
Q

2 diagnostic tests for people who might have neurologic disorders/diseases:

A
  • imaging studies (x-rays, CT Scans, MRI scans)
  • Electroencephalograms/EEGs
124
Q

Electroencephalograms _______ Brain’s electrical activity; used to pinpoint Brain’s ___________ activity; detect _________/________ of Brain activity following severe brain injury.

A

records, Seizure, presence/absence

125
Q

Imaging studies allow doctors to see _________ abnormalities of Brain, Spinal Cord, & surrounding _____ structures.

A

physical, bony

NUR 110/111 (46 decks)

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