Nervous System Cells

Question 1

What is a neuron?

Answer 1

• Process information.
• Sense environmental changes
• Communicate changes to other neurons
• Command bodies response

Question 2

What are the notable parts of the neutron?

Answer 2

• Cell body
• Dendrites
• Axon
• Synapse
• Plasma membrane
• Nucleus
• Cytoplasm

Question 3

What are the four classifications of neurons based on structure?

Answer 3

1) Multipolar
2) Unipolar
3) Bipolar
4) Anaxonic

Question 4

Describe multipolar neurons

Answer 4

• Many dendrites
• 1 axon
• Cell body between dendrites and axon
• Motor neurons in PNS

Question 5

Describe unipolar neurons

Answer 5

• Dendrites merge to 1 axon
• Cell body on side of axon
• Sensory neurons in PNS

Question 6

Describe bipolar neurons

Answer 6

• 1 dendrite
• 1 axon
• Cell body between dendrite and axon
• Special sense organs

Question 7

Describe anaxonic neurons

Answer 7

• Can’t distinguish dendrites from axons
• Cell body centrally located
• Brain and special sense organ

Question 8

What are the three neurons based in function?

Answer 8

• Sensory neurons
• Motoneurons
• Interneurons

Question 9

What is the direction of information for sensory neurons?

Answer 9

Sensory information from sensory receptors in body to CNS.

Question 10

What is direction of information for motoneurons?

Answer 10

Movement commands from CNS to tissues in body (muscles or glands).

Question 11

What is direction of information for interneurons?

Answer 11

Forms connections with other neurons.

Question 12

What is gray matter?

Answer 12

Certain regions have high density of neutron cell bodies.

Question 13

What are the areas associated with gray matter?

Answer 13

• Cortex
• Nucleus
• Substantia
• Locus
• Ganglion

Question 14

What is the function of the cortex?

Answer 14

Collection of neurons that form a thin sheet.

Question 15

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 15

Distinguishable neuron mass.

Question 16

What is the function of the substantia?

Answer 16

Group of related neurons with less distinct borders than nuclei.

Question 17

What is the function of the locus?

Answer 17

Small, well defined group of cells.

Question 18

What is the function of the ganglion?

Answer 18

Collection of neurons in PNS.

Question 19

What is white matter?

Answer 19

Certain regions have high density of axons.

Question 20

What are the areas associated with white matter?

Answer 20

• Capsule
• Commissure
• Tract
• Nerve

Question 21

What is the capsule?

Answer 21

Collection of axons that connect cerebrum with brain stem.

Question 22

What is the commissure?

Answer 22

Collection of axons that connection one side of brain to another.

Question 23

What is the tract?

Answer 23

Collection of axons in CNS that has common origin and destination.

Question 24

What is the nerve?

Answer 24

Bundle of axons in PNS

Question 25

What is the glia?

Answer 25

Support and protects neurons.

Question 26

What are the types of glial cells in the CNS?

Answer 26

- Ependymal cells - Microglia - Astrocyte - Ogliodendrocytes

Question 27

What is the function of ependymal cells?

Answer 27

Assist in producing, circulating and monitoring cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 28

What is the function of the microglia?

Answer 28

Engulf cellular debris, waste products and pathogens.

Question 29

What is the function of the astrocytes?

Answer 29

- Regulate chemical environment between neurons. | - Maintains blood-brain barrier. Form scar tissue after injury.

Question 30

What is the function of the ogliodendrocytes?

Answer 30

Layers of membrane (myelin) that insults axons in CNS

Question 31

What are the types of glial cells in the PNS?

Answer 31

- Schwann cells | - Satellite Cells

Question 32

What is the function of the Schwann cells?

Answer 32

Provide myelin for axons in PNS.

Question 33

What is the function of the satellite cells?

Answer 33

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglions. Regulate chemical environment around neurons (extracellular fluid).

Question 34

What is the term that is used to describe a neuron that releases acetylcholine (ACh)?

Answer 34

Cholingeric.