Nervous System Components

Question 1

Neurons are linked together in a ___________.

Answer 1

Nerve net

Question 2

Stimulation of a nerve net causes muscles to contract. What is this known as?

Answer 2

Reflex arc

Question 3

Ganglion

Answer 3

Grouping of nerve cells

Question 4

What is another term for ganglion?

Answer 4

Nucleus, Nuclei

Question 5

Prosencephalon

Answer 5

Forebrain

Question 6

Mesencephalon

Answer 6

Mid-Brain

Question 7

Rhombencephalon

Answer 7

Hind-Brain

Question 8

CNS

Answer 8

Brain + Spinal Cord

Question 9

PNS

Answer 9

Nerves extending outside spinal cord

Question 10

Afferent Neuron

Answer 10

Carries information into CNS

Question 11

Efferent Neuron

Answer 11

Carries information away from CNS

Question 12

Name the subdivisions of the forebrain

Answer 12

1) Cerebrum
2) Thalmus (visual and auditory info)
3) Hypothalmus (visceral activities)

Question 13

Describe the components of the cerebrum

Answer 13

1) L and R hemispheres (joined by corpus collosum)

2) The lobes: Frontal, Parietal, Temporal

Question 14

What are the frontal lobes associated with?

Answer 14

movement and personality

Question 15

What are the parietal lobes associated with?

Answer 15

touch and stretch sensation

Question 16

What are the temporal lobes associated with?

Answer 16

hearing

Question 17

Outer layer of the cerebrum.

Answer 17

Cerebral Cortex (covered in gray (unmyelinated axons))

Question 18

White matter

Answer 18

1) Inside cerebral cortex

2) Myelinated axons

Question 19

Central Sulcus

Answer 19

Separates frontal lobe from parietal lobe

Question 20

Anterior of Central Sulcus

Answer 20

Motor Cortex - assoc. with movement

Question 21

Posterior of Central Sulcus

Answer 21

Sensory Cortex - assoc. w/ senses =

Question 22

Homunculus

Answer 22

Sensory map of our entire body in our brain

Question 23

Pituitary Gland

Answer 23

receives info from hypothalamus and sends out this info. to regulate different parts of the body

Question 24

List the 4 components of the brainstem

Answer 24

1) Mid-Brain (detects movement and directs head/ eyes toward that movement)
2) Cerebellum (regulation and coordination of muscle acitivities)
3) Pons and Medulla (Visceral activites)
4) Reticular Formation (induces sleep, inhibits motor and sensory impulses)

Question 25

Extensor Muscle

Answer 25

1) a muscle whose contraction extends/straightens a part of the body 2) Monosynaptic Reflex Arc

Question 26

Monosynaptic Reflex Arc

Answer 26

one sensory neuron, one motor neuron

Question 27

Interneuron

Answer 27

transmits impulses b/t neurons

Question 28

Polysynaptic Reflex Arc

Answer 28

At lease two synaptic connections

Question 29

Flexor Muscle

Answer 29

1) bends/Flexes | 2) Polysynaptic reflex arx

Question 30

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 30

1) Efferent Division of PNS | 2) Consists of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 31

Where do the nerve fibers part of the parasympathetic nervous system leave from?

Answer 31

1) sacral part of the spinal cord 2) Mid-Brain (mesencephalon) 2) Medula (Part of the rhombencephalon)

Question 32

Parasympathetic nerve impulses increases _________ and decreases ________ and ________.

Answer 32

1) Digestion | 2) HR, BP

Question 33

What happens to the pupils in the parasympathetic nervous system vs the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 33

Pupils contract w/ parasympathetic nervous system and dilate with sympathetic nervous system.

Question 34

What are two main purposes of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 34

1) Conserving Energy | 2) Restoring various bodily functions

Question 35

Discuss the nerve fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Answer 35

1) Pre-ganglionic and Post-Ganglionic nerve cells - Both in PNS (only cell body is in CNS) 2) Post-ganglionic nerve are close to the organ they want to innervate 3) Pre-ganglionic fibers are much longer than and Post-Ganglionic fibers

Question 36

Which neurotransmitter do the Pre-ganglionic and Post-Ganglionic nerve cells in the parasympathetic nervous system release?

Answer 36

ACh

Question 37

What are nerve fibers that release ACh called?

Answer 37

Cholinergic nerve fibers

Question 38

Most Prominent/Abundant nerve in the parasympathetic division.

Answer 38

Vagus Nerve - innnervates most internal organs

Question 39

Where do sympathetic nerve fibers originate?

Answer 39

lumbar and thoracic portions of the spine

Question 40

What are various things the sympathetic nervous system does to the body when activated?

Answer 40

1) Increase HR, BP 2) Dilate Pupils 3) Decrease Digestive Functions

Question 41

What is the sympathetic nervous system also known as?

Answer 41

"Fight or flight" system

Question 42

Describe the pre and post ganglionic nerve fibers of the parasympathetic division.

Answer 42

1) Pre-ganglionic and Post-Ganglionic nerve cells - Both in PNS (only cell body is in CNS) 2) Pre-ganglionic fibers are much shorter than Post-Ganglionic fibers (b/c ganglion is right outside of CNS, very close to cell body) 3) Pre-ganglionic nerve fibers release ACh 4) Post-ganglionic nerve fibers release norepinephrine 5) Some pre-ganglionic nerve fibers will directly release ACh w/o post-ganglionic nerve

Question 43

What are nerve fibers that release Norepinephrine/Adrenaline called?

Answer 43

Adrenergic nerve fibers

Question 44

Describe the spinal nerves that originate from the lower thoracic region of the spine and go to the adrenal medulla (region w/in adrenal glands).

Answer 44

1) One long pre-ganglionic nerve that releases ACh directly onto the ganglion in the adrenal medulla 2) Causes adrenal medulla gland to release two types of hormones into the bloodstream 3) NO Post-ganglionic nerve fibers

Question 45

Substances (i.e. epinephrine) released directly into the blood stream.

Answer 45

Hormones

Question 46

Compare and contrast Somatic Nervous System with Autonomic Nervous System.

Answer 46

Somatic Nervous System a) Once nerve fibers leave CNS, a synapse is not made until it reaches the effector organ b) Once effector organ is reached, ACh is released c) Innervates skeletal muscle d) Causes excitation of skeletal muscles Autonomic nervous System a) Once nerve fibers leave CNS, a synapse is made with a ganglion before another synapse is made at the target organ c) Innervates glands, smooth, and cardiac muscle d) Can be excitatory or inhibitory