Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MCAT Biology > Types of Tissue > Flashcards

Types of Tissue Flashcards

(72 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the digestive system formed by?

A

Alimentary Canal (gastrointestinal tube)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the alimentary canal started and end?

A

Mouth to Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What suspends the digestive system?

A

Coelem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the two cavities of the coelem (which is the main cavity)?

A

1) Abdominal Cavity

2) Thoracic Cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the thoracic cavity consist of?

A

Heart and Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the abdominal cavity consist of?

A

Stomach, intestines, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What separates the upper (thoracic) and lower (abd) cavities of the coelem?

A

Diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Similar cells that come together form _____.

A

Tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the four types of tissues?

A

1) Epithelial
2) Nervous
3) Connective
4) Muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tissues of different types come together and work to perform a specific function form an ______.

A

organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two types of epithelial cells?

A

1) Simple

2) Stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Name the three specific shapes of epithelial cells.

A

1) Squamous
2) Cuboidal
3) columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

On the lumenal side of epithelial cells are projections called ______.

A

Microvilli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of microvilli?

A

Increase surface area to increase absorption (to get more nutrients!)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Other than microvilli, what is another structure that can be found on the lumenal side of epithelial cells? What is its purpose?

A

Cilia, move in a coordinated unidirectional wave to move particles outside of the body (i.e. moves foriegn foreign particles out of resp. tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What should you think of when you think of where epithelial cells would be in the body?

A

Line (lines on the inside and outside of surfaces; i.e. outer lining of the skin, inner lining of the stomach/abd cavity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the specialized junctions of epithelial cells?

A

1) Tight Junctions
2) Desmosomes
3) Gap Junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the purpose of a tight junction?

A

1) Act as a permeability barrier (i.e. prevention of protein molecules from going from lumenal side to basolateral side of cell)
2) Hold neighboring cells together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the purpose of desmosomes?

A

Holds cells (epithelial) together (cell to cell adhesion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of a desmosome?

A

Basal Lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Joins epithelial cells to a structure on the basal side of the cell. In close contact with connective tissue that helps anchor the cells in place

A

Basal Lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of gap junctions?

A

1) Allows water soluble molecules to past from one cytoplasm to another
2) Allows cells to function as a unit (equilibration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Epithelial cells can ______ substances into the _______ space.

A

1) Secrete

2) Lumenal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Exocrine Glands

A

Secrete substance into the lumen by the way of a duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What do endocrine glands do?
Secrete substances into the blood.
26
Stratified Squamous epithelium usually has a ______ Function. How dot they work?
1) Protective Function 2) In areas of high turnover, cells or rapidly lost and replaced (usually areas of high friction) 3) As cells are lost, new cells begin to move towards the surface
27
An example of stratified, squamous epithelial cells. What is it abundant in?
1) Skin | 2) Keratin - Strong, Fibrous Tissue
28
What region of the skin is comprised of stratified epithelial cells that acts to protect deeper layers of the skin?
Epidermis
29
What is directly underneath the epidermis?
Dermis
30
Structure surround the hair follicles, which act to straighten hair shaft
Erector muscles
31
What layer of the skin are the erector muscles located
Dermis
32
What is happening with the erector muscles when goosebumps are visible?
1) They are contracting 2) Skin surrounding the hair follicle becomes depressed 3) This happens when a person is cold 4) This is the bodies response to coldness, trying to constrict blood vessels near the surface of the skin to prevent an individual from loosing anymore heat
33
Erector muscles are __________ by ________ causing them to contract at specific times (in the cold).
innervated, nerves
34
What happens in the dermis when it is hot outside?
blood is shunted to the surface to release heat
35
Is the skin highly vascularized?
Yes
36
What is underneath the dermis?
Subcutaneous Tissue (where adipose deposits are located)
37
What are the purposes of connective tissue?
Anchor, support structures of the body
38
What type of tissue are in the list below: Blood Cells Mast Cells Adipose Cells Melanocytes
Connective Tissue
39
List 4 types of connective tissue.
Blood Cells Mast Cells Adipose Cells Melanocytes
40
Secretes many proteins that make up connective tissue.
Fibroblasts
41
What are some proteins fibroblasts secrete?
Collagen, Reticulin, Elastin
42
Triple Stranded, Insoluble, Fibrous Fibers that are high cross-linked and coiled. Is also strong and flexible.
Collagen
43
The most abundant protein in mammals.
Collagen
44
Where is reticulin most abundant?
Spleen, lympth nodes
45
Is reticulin highly cross-linked like collagen?
No
46
Is Elastin highly cross-linked like collagen?
Yes
47
What types of organs is elastin commonly associated with?
Organs with great elasticity (i.e. skin, lungs, blood vessels)
48
What type tissue is cartilage and what is it secreted by?
1) Connective | 2) Chondrocyte
49
Cartilage is usually located in places on the body that endure a certain amount of ________ on the body. Such as ____, _______, _______.
1) Stress | 2) Ears, nose, inter-vertebral discs, and vertebral column
50
What type of tissue is bone?
Connective
51
Bone is made of 1/3 _______ and 2/3 _________ and ________.
1) Collagen | 2) Inorganic Crystals: Calcium Phosphate and Calcium Carbonate
52
Collagen in cartilage is secreted by specialized fibroblasts called:
Osteoblasts
53
Collagen gives bones its ________ while the inorganic crystals give bone its _________.
1) Flexibility | 2) Rigidity
54
What type of marrow is found in bone and what does it secrete?
1) spongy marrow | 2) red and white blood cells
55
The arrangement of bone towards the surface is more ________. This is compatible to the polysaccharide ________, found in the exoskeleton of insects/
1) Compact | 2) Chitin
56
Where are mast cells found and what do they release?
1) respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts | 2) Histamines
57
What are histamines released in response to?
1) allergic reactions 2) infection 3) injury
58
What happens when histamine is released?
Increased blood flow to the affected area.
59
Adipose
Fat
60
Melanocytes
Pigment
61
What are the types of Muscles?
1) Voluntary (skeletal) | 2) Involuntary (Smooth and Cardiac)
62
What does the nervous system allow?
One to adapt quickly to external stimuli
63
What happens when a hammer taps the patellar tendon?
1) electrical impulse is generated 2) impulse travels to spinal cord via sensory nerve 3) Impulse returns to the muscle initially stimulated via motor neuron (which is synapse with with the sensory neuron) 4) Muscle contracts
64
What are the two major cells in the nervous system?
1) Nerve cells | 2) Glial cells
65
Nerve cells are also called _____.
Neurons
66
List major anatomical features of a neuron.
1) Axon 2) Dendrite 3) Cell body
67
State the path a nerve impulse typically travels.
1) Dendrite (receives and transmits info to cell body) 2) Cell body (processes information) 3) Axon (information travels down axon)
68
Information travels down the axon in the form of a _______.
Nerve impulse
69
Another name for nerve impulse
Action Potential
70
What is the end of the axon called?
Synaptic bulb
71
What happens when a nerve impulse reaches the synaptic bulbs?
1) Neurotransmitter is released 2) Neurotransmitter diffuses across synaptic cleft 3) An action potential is induced in a neighboring neuron/cell
72
Junction b/t neurons/cell
Synapse

MCAT Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions