Nervous System - Exam 1

Question 1

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

Central and peripheral

Question 2

What are the two parts of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 2

Somatic and autonomic

Question 3

What are the two parts of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 3

The sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 4

What does the somatic nervous system do?

Answer 4

Controls voluntary movements

Question 5

Define dorsal

Answer 5

Above

Question 6

Define medial

Answer 6

Middle

Question 7

Define anterior

Answer 7

Front

Question 8

Define posterior

Answer 8

Behind

Question 9

Define lateral

Answer 9

Side

Question 10

Define ventral

Answer 10

Below

Question 11

When after conception does the CNS begin to develop?

Answer 11

18 days after conception

Question 12

Where does development of the CNS begin?

Answer 12

The neural plate

Question 13

What are the 4 sections of the brain?

Answer 13

The hindbrain, midbrain, subcortical areas of the forebrain, and the cortex

Question 14

Where is the hindbrain?

Answer 14

Sits on top of the spinal cord

Question 15

Where’s the midbrain?

Answer 15

On top of the hindbrain

Question 16

Where’s the subcortical areas of the forebrain?

Answer 16

On top of the midbrain

Question 17

Where’s the cortex?

Answer 17

The outside of the brain

Question 18

What are the two systems that support and protect the brain?

Answer 18

The meninges and ventricles

Question 19

What is the brain’s protection system?

Answer 19

The meninges

Question 20

What does the meninges do?

Answer 20

It’s wrapped around the brain to keep it safe from injury

Question 21

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 21

They’re a scaffold for the brain tissue and keeps it secure and in place

Question 22

What are the three layers of the meninges?

Answer 22

The dura mater, the arachnoid mater, and the pia mater

Question 23

What layer of the brain is filled with CSF?

Answer 23

The arachnoid mater

Question 24

What layer of the brain adheres to the surface of the brain and has a rich supply of blood?

Answer 24

The pia mater

Question 25

What causes headaches?

Answer 25

The nerves in the meninges alert you to swollen blood vessels in the meninges

Question 26

Where does the word meningitis come from?

Answer 26

The meninges

Question 27

What is the ventricle system?

Answer 27

A set of four interconnected ventricles in the brain that are filled with CSF

Question 28

Where are the ventricles located?

Answer 28

Two lateral ventricles, one central ventricle in the middle, and one central ventricle just above the spinal cord

Question 29

What produces CSF?

Answer 29

The choroid plexus of all 4 ventricles produces CSF

Question 30

What does the CSF do?

Answer 30

It keeps the brain buoyant, delivers nutrients and removes waste, and compensates for changes in blood volume in the brain

Question 31

What two arteries supply the blood to the brain?

Answer 31

The carotid artery and the vertebral artery

Question 32

What do the carotid and vertebral arteries branch off into?

Answer 32

The anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior cerebral artery

Question 33

What does the anterior cerebral artery do?

Answer 33

It supplies blood to the front middle areas

Question 34

What does the middle cerebral artery do?

Answer 34

It supplies blood to the side areas

Question 35

What does the posterior artery do?

Answer 35

It supplies blood to the back underside areas

Question 36

If there is a sudden change in blood flow to the brain, what happens?

Answer 36

A stroke

Question 37

What are the two types of stroke?

Answer 37

Hemorrhagic bleed (20%) and ischemic block (80%)

Question 38

What causes a hemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 38

An aneurysm or high blood pressure

Question 39

What are the 3 main structures of the hindbrain?

Answer 39

The medulla, pons, and cerebellum

Question 40

What does the cerebellum do?

Answer 40

If receives information from the sensory systems and regulates motor movements including balance and speech

Question 41

What does the pons do?

Answer 41

It controls facial sensation, eye movements, facial expressions, carrying sound to your brain, and breathing

Question 42

What does the medulla do?

Answer 42

It controls vital reflexes such as breathing, heart rate, coughing, and vasometrics

Question 43

Where is the midbrain and what does it do?

Answer 43

It's just above the pons and transmits and initially processes visual and auditory information that should be responded to quickly

Question 44

What is the forebrain divided into?

Answer 44

Sub-cortical structures and the cerebral cortex; it's also divided into 2 hemispheres

Question 45

What does the forebrain do?

Answer 45

Each side of the forebrain receives sensory information and controls motor movements from the opposite side of the body

Question 46

Name the subcortical structures

Answer 46

The thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, the limbic system, and the hippocampus

Question 47

What does the thalamus do?

Answer 47

It's a relay station for all sensory information

Question 48

What does the hypothalamus do?

Answer 48

It's a gateway from the nervous system to the endocrine system; it's involved in hormone production and autonomic functions

Question 49

What do the basal ganglia do?

Answer 49

They are involved in motor planning and executing voluntary movements

Question 50

What does the limbic system do?

Answer 50

It controls the basic emotions and drives

Question 51

Where is the amygdala located?

Answer 51

Within the limbic system

Question 52

What are the names of the two bundles of neuron fibers connecting the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 52

The corpus callosum and the anterior commissure

Question 53

What do the neuron fiber bundles that connect the cerebral cortex do?

Answer 53

They integrate motor, sensory, and cognitive functions between the 2 hemispheres

Question 54

What are the two types of matter found in the cerebral cortex?

Answer 54

White and gray matter

Question 55

What are the bumps on the brain surface called?

Answer 55

Gyri

Question 56

What are the ridges on the brain surface called?

Answer 56

Sulci

Question 57

How many layers does the cortex have?

Answer 57

6 layers parallel to the surface, and multiple vertical columns

Question 58

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 58

The frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

Question 59

What does the occipital lobe do?

Answer 59

It processes visual input

Question 60

What does the temporal lobe do?

Answer 60

It processes auditory information and helps form memories (thanks to the hippocampus)

Question 61

What does the parietal lobe do?

Answer 61

It processes touch sensations

Question 62

What does the frontal lobe do?

Answer 62

It controls fine motor movements, reasoning, higher level cognition, and expressive language

Question 63

What does the sensorimotor cortex do?

Answer 63

The motor cortex deals with motor output and the somatosensory cortex processes sensory input