Nervous System II Flashcards

(85 cards)

1
Q

Meninges

A

Membranes that surround the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dura mater

A

The outermost layer of the meninges

Means tough mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Spider web layer of the meninges

Subarachnoid contains CSF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pia Mater

A

Innermost layer of the meninges

Encapsulates the blood vessels

Means faithful mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ventricles

A

Interconnected cavities within the cerebral hemispheres and brain stem

4 of them (2 lateral)

CFS filled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cerebro Spinal Fluid

A

Composed of sodium ions

Produce 500ml daily. Keep 120ml

Clear fluid

Maintain stable ion concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Spinal Cord Overview

A

A column of nervous tissue that begins at the magnum foremen and extends down the vertebrae.

Center of spinal reflexes

It is a pathway for nerves impulses to and from the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Reflex Arcs

A

Automatic subconscious response to stimuli that occurs inside and outside the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Knee-Jerk reflex

A

Simple monosynaptic reflex (sensory to motor neuron)

Maintains upright posture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Withdrawal reflex

A

When the body pulls back from pain

Prevents tissue damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The order of the reflex arc pathway

A
  1. receptor
  2. Sensory neuron
  3. Interneuron
  4. Motor neuron
  5. Effector
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Conduct sensory impulses to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Descending tracts

A

Conduct motor impulses from the brain to the motor nerves in the muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Three functions of the brain

A

Interprets sensations
Visceral activity
Personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Four parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Cerebellum
Brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Three parts of the brainstem

A

Midbrain
Pons
Medula oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Corpus callosum

A

A bridge of nerve fibers that connect cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Lobes of the Cerebrum

A
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital 
Temporal
Insula (inside)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Convolution or gyri

A

Shallow ridges in the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sulci

A

Somewhat deep groovesin the cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Central sulcus

A

Separates the frontal and parietal lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Fissures

A

Very deep grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Transverse fissure

A

Separates the cerebrum for the cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Functions of the cerebrum
Voluntary movement Retrieve stored information Personality
26
Cerebral cortex
A thin layer of gray matter that makes up the outer portion of the cerebrum Contains 75 percent of all neurons
27
Corpus callosum
A bridge of nerve fibers that connect cerebral hemispheres
28
Lobes of the Cerebrum
``` Frontal Parietal Occipital Temporal Insula (inside) ```
29
Convolution or gyri
Shallow ridges in the cerebrum
30
Sulci
Somewhat deep groovesin the cerebrum
31
Central sulcus
Separates the frontal and parietal lobes
32
Fissures
Very deep grooves
33
Longitudinal fissure
Separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres
34
Transverse fissure
Separates the cerebrum for the cerebellum
35
Functions of the cerebrum
Voluntary movement Retrieve stored information Personality
36
Cerebral cortex
A thin layer of gray matter that makes up the outer portion of the cerebrum Contains 75 percent of all neurons
37
Occipital lobe
Sensory Area gives vision Association area combines visual and sensory information
38
Temporal lobe
Association area remembers sensory patterns music in visual scenes Sensory areas associate with hearing
39
Parietal lobe
Sensory area is associated with temperature touch and pain involving the skin Association areas understand speech and expressed thoughts
40
Frontal lobe
Association areas do concentration complex problem-solving and judge consequences Motor area moves the skeletal muscles
41
Sensory areas
Found in cerebrum and interpret impulses as feelings and sensations
42
Taste
Found at the base of the central sulcus
43
Smell
Centered deep in the cerebellum
44
Association areas
Not the primary motor or sensory areas Provide you with judgment memory and emotion Spread throughout the cerebral cortex
45
Primary motor area
Found in the frontal lobe Control voluntary muscular movement
46
Broca's area
Anterior to the primary motor area On the left hemisphere and controls the speech muscles
47
Frontal eye field
Above Brokas area Controls voluntary movement of the eyes and eyelids
48
Most commonly dominant hemisphere
Left
49
Dominant hemisphere
Controls speech writing reading verbal practices and analytical practices
50
Non-dominant hemisphere
Controls intuitive thought processes understanding visual patterns motor and nonverbal
51
Short-term memory
Closed neural Circuit The memory must be stimulated repeatedly or the memory is lost
52
Long term memory
Causes a change to the structure of a neuron Enhances synaptic transmission
53
Diencephalon
Between the cerebral hemispheres Above brainstem Rounds the third ventricle
54
9 parts of the diencephalon
``` Thalamus Epithalamus Hypothalamus Optic tracts Optic chiasma Infundibulum Posterior pituitary gland Mammillary bodies Pineal gland ```
55
Limbic system
Consist of Temporal and frontal lobes and basal nuclei. Thalamus and hypothalamus Controls emotions and interpret sensory impulses
56
Pons
Bulge Separates the midbrain from the medulla oblongata Send impulses to and from the medulla oblongata and the cerebrum Breathing
57
Midbrain
Between the pons and diencephalon Joins the brainstem with higher parts of the brain Contains the visual and auditory reflexes
58
Medulla Oblongata
Continuation of the spinal cord All of the a sending and descending nerve fibers connecting to the spinal cord and brain pass through it Controls nonvital reflexes such a sneezing Controls blood pressure (vasomotor) and respiratory rate
59
Reticular formation
Network of fibers in the brainstem Connects the hypothalamus, basal nuclei cerebellum and cerebrum Extends to the diencephalon Arouses cerebral cortex to wakefulness
60
REM stage
Paradoxical sleep Some of the brain is active Dreaming Irregular heartbeat
61
Slow wake
Decreased activity in reticular system Restful and dreamless Reduced blood pressure Ranges from light to heavy Alternates between R.E.M.
62
Cerebellum
Inferior to occipital lobes Posterior to Pons and medulla oblongata Maintains posture Integrates position of body part
63
Sensory nerves
Impulses in brain and spinal cord
64
Motor nerves
Impulses in muscles and glands
65
Mixed nerves
A combination of sensory and motor neurons All spinal nerves except the first pair
66
Cranial nerves
Arise from brain
67
Spinal nerves
Arise from spinal cord
68
Autonomic fibers
Connect to viscera, skin, and muscles
69
Olfactory nerve
CN I Sensory nerve Fibers transmit smell impulses
70
Optic nerve
CN II Sensory nerve Transmit vision impulses
71
Oculomotor nerve
CN III Primary motor nerve Some sensory nerves Raise eyelids move eyes focus lens adjust light entering the eye
72
Trochlear nerve
CN IV Primary motor nerve Motor impulses have muscles that move the eye
73
Trigeminal nerve
CN V 3 sisters Ophthalmic (eyes) Maxillary (mouth) Mandibular (jaw)
74
Abducens nerve
CN VI primary motor nerve Move eyes Some sensory
75
Facial nerve
Mixed nerves Wetness on face Facial expressions
76
Vestibulocochlear nerve
CN VIII Acoustic or auditory nerve 2 branches vestibular (equilibrium) Cochlear (hearing)
77
Glossopharyngeal nerve
CH IX mixed nerve Sensory controls carotid artery pharynx tonsils tounge Motor controls salvitory glands and phalanx
78
Vagus nerve
CH X Somatic motor of the speech and swallowing muscles Autonomic motor of visera Sensory motor of larynx pharynx esophagus and viscera
79
Accessory nerve
CH XI Primary motor nerve Cranial branch is the motor of the muscles of the soft palette pharynx and larynx Spinal branch motor of muscles of neck and back
80
Hypoglossal nerve
CN XII primary motor nerve Motor to the muscles of tounge
81
Spinal nerves #2
``` 8 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal (Co) ```
82
Autonomic nervous system
Unconscious functions Controls visceral activity Efferent fibers lead to ganglia outside the CNS
83
Parasympathetic Nervous system
Rest and digest
84
Sympathetic nervous system
Fight or flight
85
Lifespan change
Brain cells die Fading memory Require less sleep Dendritic branches decrease