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From Flashcardlet > Nervous System III > Flashcards

Nervous System III Flashcards

This flashcard deck was created using Flashcardlet's card creator

0
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves connect the CNS to muscles, receptors and glands?

A

31

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1
Q

What are the two primary functions for the spinal cord and spinal nerves?

A
  1. Pathway for sensory and motor impulses

2. Responsible for reflexes

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2
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

They are named for the vertebra they are below.

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3
Q

The spinal cord is protected and encapsulated by _______________.

A

Spinal Cord Meninges

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4
Q

What are the three layers of the spinal cord meninges?

A
  1. Dura mater
  2. Arachoid
  3. Pia mater
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5
Q

The central canal of the spinal cord contains _____________.

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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6
Q

Which roots (anterior/posterior) contain motor neuron axons?

A

Anterior

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7
Q

Which roots (anterior/posterior) contain sensory neuron axons?

A

Posterior

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8
Q

___________ contains the cell bodies of the sensory axons.

A

Dorsal root ganglion

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9
Q

Anterior and posterior root unite within the _____________ to become a spinal nerve.

A

intervertebral foramen

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10
Q

The spinal cord is partitioned into an inner ______ matter region and an outer ______ matter region.

A

gray; white

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11
Q

In the white matter, motor impulses _______ (ascend/descend).

A

descend

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12
Q

In the white matter, sensory impulses _________ (ascend/descend).

A

ascend

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13
Q

What are rapid, automatic, involuntary reactions of muscles or glands to a stimulus called?

A

Reflexes

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14
Q

What is a reflex arc?

A

The neural wiring of a single reflex.

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15
Q

What composes a reflex arc?

A
  1. Receptor in the PNS
  2. Communicates with the CNS
  3. Ends at a peripheral effector.
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16
Q

Reflexes are __________; Reflex arcs are __________.

A

Action; wiring

17
Q

What are three categories of reflexes based on number of synapses?

A
  1. Monosynaptic - 1 synapse
  2. Disynaptic - 2 synapses
  3. Polysynaptic - more than 2 synapses
18
Q

What are the two ways reflex arcs are categorized?

A

Ipsilateral and Contralateral

19
Q

What is the difference between ipsilateral and contralateral?

A

Ipsilateral reflex arcs stay on the same side of the body. Contralateral reflex arcs cross the midline of the body.

20
Q

Can a reflex arc be monsynaptic or polysynaptic?

A

No

21
Q

Nervous system pathways can be ____________ or ____________.

A

Ascending; descending

22
Q

Over 90% of neural pathways ______________.

A

decussate

23
Q

What type of pathway processes stimuli received from receptors within skin, muscle, and joints?

A

Somatosensory

24
Q

What type of pathway processes stimuli received from the viscera?

A

Visceral sensory pathways

25
Q

Do sensory pathways ascend or descend?

A

ascend

26
Q

What are motor pathways that originate in the cerebral cortex and brainstem called?

A

Descending projection tracts

27
Q

Fibers descending from the cerebral cortex form a pair of thick anterior bulges in the medulla oblongata called the _________.

A

pyramids

28
Q

Where do motor pathways most commonly decussate?

A

at the pyramids

29
Q

What are the two categories of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

30
Q

Which ANS category affects the “fight or flight” response?

A

sympathetic

31
Q

What does the parasympathetic ANS affect?

A

Digestive system

32
Q

What vertebra do the nerves of the sympathetic nervous system originate from?

A

T1 to L2

33
Q

Where do the nerves from the parasympathetic ANS originate?

A

Cranium, Cervical and Sacral regions

34
Q

What is the anatomic difference between sympathetic and parasympathetic neural synapses?

A

Sympathetic synapses have a short preganglionic axon and a long postganglionic axon

Parasympathetic synapses have a long preganglionic axon and a short postganglionic axon

35
Q

What is another name for Cranial Nerve X (CN X)?

A

Vagus Nerve

36
Q

The ganglia are usually ________ the spinal column in Sympathetic pathways.

A

near

37
Q

What ganglia (most common type in the body) house sympathetic ganglionic neuron cell bodies?

A

Paravertebral ganglia

38
Q

Name three types of collateral ganglia.

A
  1. Celiac
  2. Superior Mesenteric
  3. Inferior Mesenteric
39
Q

The two-neuron chain in sympathetic ANS allows _______________ and _______________ which allows for mass activation.

A

neuronal convergence and divergence

40
Q

What is neuronal convergence?

A

Axons from many preganglionic cells synapse on a single ganglionic cell.

41
Q

What is neuronal divergence?

A

Axons from one preganglionic cell synapse on numerous ganglionic cells.

From Flashcardlet (118 decks)

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