Nervous system, neurons and supporting cells

Question 1

What are the two communication and control systems of the body?

Answer 1

the nervous system and the endocrine system

Question 2

What connects the nervous system and the endocrine system?

Answer 2

hypothalamus

Question 3

What are the chemical messengers of the nervous system and what are they produced by?

Answer 3

neurotransmitters, neurons

Question 4

Neurotransmitters travel only very short distances, across spaces between nerve cells called what? And what do these spaces allow?

Answer 4

synapses, the system to react quickly

Question 5

What are the chemical messengers of the endocrine system and where are they secreted?

Answer 5

hormones, directly into the bloodstream

Question 6

What are the two divisions of the nervous system and what are they composed of?

Answer 6

central nervous system - brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous system - cordlike nerves that link the central nervous system with the rest of the body

Question 7

What are the three functions of the nervous system and how do they work?

Answer 7

sensory - senses changes from within the body or from outside the body and conveys this info to the spinal cord and brain

integrating - sensory info is received, analyzed, stored and INTEGRATED to produce a response

motor - instructs the body to do something, such as contract a muscle or cause a gland to secrete product(s)

Question 8

What are nerve cells called?

Answer 8

neurons

Question 9

What do neurons require and can only live minutes without it?

Answer 9

oxygen

Question 10

Shortly after birth, neurons lose their ability to what?

Answer 10

reproduce

Question 11

Neurons can regenerate cell processes if what remains in tact?

Answer 11

the cell body

Question 12

What structurally and functionally supports and protects neurons?

Answer 12

neuroglia

Question 13

How are the structures of the neuron divided?

Answer 13

central cell body and two different types of processes

Question 14

What is the central cell body of a neuron called?

Answer 14

soma

Question 15

What are the two different processes of a neuron?

Answer 15

dendrites and axons

Question 16

Which neuron cell process receives stimuli or impulses from other neurons and conducts this stimulation to the cell body?

Answer 16

dendrite

Question 17

Means to conduct impulses toward the cell body

Answer 17

afferent

Question 18

Dendrites can be modified into _____, that receive, or sense stimuli from inside or outside of the body?

Answer 18

sensory receptors

Question 19

Which neuron process is short, numerous and have many branches?

Answer 19

dendrites

Question 20

Which neuron process conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body, toward another neuron?

Answer 20

axon

Question 21

What is another term for axon?

Answer 21

effector cell

Question 22

Means to conduct impulses away from the cell body

Answer 22

efferent

Question 23

Which neuron process is singular and may be very long

Answer 23

axon

Question 24

Bundles of axons that make up cord like nerves

Answer 24

nerve fibers

Question 25

Protective fatty substance that covers axons

Answer 25

myelin

Question 26

nervous tissue containing many myelinated axons is called what (because of the color of myelin grossly)

Answer 26

white matter

Question 27

nervous tissue that is made up largely of neuron cell bodies is called what

Answer 27

gray matter

Question 28

Where are oligodendrocytes found

Answer 28

myeline sheath of the brain and spinal cord (CNS)

Question 29

Where are Schwann cells found

Answer 29

myeline sheath of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord (PNS)

Question 30

what is the myelin sheath made up of

Answer 30

cell membranes of specialized glial cells

Question 31

small gaps in the the myelin sheath of adjacent glial cells

Answer 31

nodes of Ranvier

Question 32

What kind of axons conduct nerve impulses faster

Answer 32

myelinated axons